Garages  and 
Motor  Boat  Houses 


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:en   Strcft 


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UNIV.  OF  CALIF.  LIBRARY.  LOS  ANGELES 


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1, 1  H  K  A  R  Y 
MYRON    HUNT  ARCHITECT 

MVROS  HUNT  and   H.C.CHAMllKKS 

Los  Anoki.ks,  Calif. 


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Garages  and  Motor  Boat 


GARAGE 
CONSTRUCTION 


Houses 


GARAGE 
Ei^lPMEN'I 


Comprising  a  large  number  of  designs  for  both  private  and 
commercial  buildings.  Showing  the  latest  ideas  in  their 
planning  and  construction.  For  the  country,  suburban  towns 
and  cities.  Also  motor  boat  houses.  The  designs  are  contrib- 
uted by  architects  from  different  sections  of  the  United  States 


COMPILED    BY 

WM.    PHILLIPS     COMSTOCK 

Editor  of  the  "Architects'  and  Builders' IWagazine" 


NEW    YORK 

THE  WILLIAM  T.  COMSTOCK  COMPANY 

23    WARREN    STREET 


Copyright,  1911 

by 

The  William  T.  Comstock  Co. 


stack 
Annex 


^   V   -      /  /        / 

C7 


CONTENTS 


Introduction 


PAGE 

5 

Part  I.    Private  Country  and  Suburban  Garages 7 

Part  II.     Private  City  Garages 49 

Part  III.     Suburban  and  City  Public  Garages 63 

Part  IV.     Motor  Boat  Garages 91 

Part  V.    Garage  Equipments  and  Accessories 97 


Architects  Who  Have    Contributed   to  This  Work 


Andri;\vs,  F.  M.  Sc  Co i   Madison  Avenue New  York 

Andrews,  Jaques  &  RAXTOUL.50  Congress  Street    Boston,  Mass. 

Baily  &  Bassett 421   Chestnut  Street Philadelphia,  Pa. 

BovD,  D.  KXICK.ERBACKER.  . .  .loii  Harrison  Bldg Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Cobb,  Albert  Winslow 31   Court  Square,  So Springfield,  Mass 

Ebeling,  Bernard  ....  1136  Walker  Avenue  (Bronx) New  York 

Ely^  JoiiM  H.  &  WiLSOxV  C.  .  .784  Broad  Street Newark,  N.  J. 

Gilbert,  C.  P.  H 1 133  Broadway New  York 

GoLDSTONE,  L.  A 12  W.  32d  Street New  York 

Gray,  Albert  M 1402  Broadway New  York 

Hill  &  James 15  Ashburton  Place Boston,  Mass. 

Jones,  W.  D 881   Broad  Street Newark,  N.  J. 

K.AHX,  Albert 58-60  Lafayette  Boulevard   Detroit,  Mich. 

KiLHAM  &  Hopkins 9  Park  Street Boston,  Mass. 

KiRCHHOFF  &  Rose 131 1-12  Majestic  Bldg Milwaukee,  Wis. 

LuppR-AiN,  Chas.  a 180  Main  Street New  Rochelle,  N.  Y. 

Marvin  &  Davis 303  Fifth  Avenue New  York 

O'Connor,  Fred'k  B c/o  State  Architect Albany,  N.  Y. 

Pelletier,  Joseph  F Newark,  N.  J. 

Schermerhorn,  C.  E 430  Walnut  Street Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Snelling  &:  Potter 35  E.  30th  Street New  York 

Trimble,  R.  Maurice 705  Ferguson  Bldg Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Tyler,  James  R 226  E.  &  B.  Bldg Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Whitfield  &  King 160  Fifth  Avenue New  York 


Introduction 


THE  garage  as  the  most  modern  of  structures  presents  a 
problem  to  architects  and  draughtsmen  with  which  they 
have  had  less  experience  than  with  any  other  form  of 
building.  In  addition,  the  precedents  which  they  may 
follow  are  not  so  clearly  defined,  nor  so  inviolable  as  is  the  case 
with  other  buildings.  Yet  this  style  of  structure  possesses  require- 
ments of  a  distinctive  character,  and  usually  of  extreme  simplicity, 
and  in  order  to  meet  these  requirements  satisfactorily  all  that  is 
really  necessary  is  a  liberal  application  of  the  laws  of  common 
sense. 

While  the  minor  details  essential  to  efficiency,  of  course,  difTer 
in  cases  of  private  and  public  garages,  there  are  certain  basic  prin- 
ciples which  should  be  observed  in  all  designs  of  this  character. 

Briefly  summarized,  the  chief  desiderata  to  be  sought  for  in 
a  garage  are  the  following:  First,  absolute  protection  from  fire; 
second,  an  efficient  meeting  of  the  needs  of  the  owners;  and  third, 
a  convenient  arrangement  of  the  various  utilities. 

As  regards  the  first  of  these  essential  features,  it  is  always 
possible  to  design  a  structure  which  shall  be  absolutely  proof 
against  danger  from  without,  and  the  fireproof  materials  which  are 
available  for  this  purpose  are  so  well  known  as  to  not  require 
mention  here.  Many  wooden  garages  for  private  use  are  of  course 
being  built,  but  the  insurance  companies  distinctly  disapprove  of 
them,  and  certainly  the  danger  of  fire  is  much  increased  when  cars 
are  stored  in  frame  buildings.  Then,  too,  there  is  the  danger  to 
adjoining  property. 

To  absolutely  protect  from  danger  within  is  not  always  pos- 
sible, but  it  is  always  possible  to  greatly  minimize  this  danger. 
The  principal  cause  of  fire  within  the  garage  is  a  leaking  gasoline 
tank,  hence  the  building  should  be  so  planned  that  all  waste  gaso- 
line should  be  properly  drained  ofif  and  discharged  into  the  ground, 
where  it  is  harmless.  The  floor  should  be  and  almost  invariably  is, 
of  concrete,  finished  if  desired  with  cement.  Many  small  garages 
are  finished  with  a  shingle  roof,  but  this  material  is  not  to  be  com- 

5 


GARAGES   AXD    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 

mended.  Tiles,  or  slate,  or  any  of  the  non-combustible  roofing 
materials  will  prove  more  satisfactory  in  the  end.  A  large  struc- 
ture may  easily  be  designed  so  that  in  case  of  an  explosion  or  fire 
from  any  cause,  the  fire  can  be  confined  to  one  room  and  per- 
mitted to  burn  itself  out  without  injuring  anything  save  the  con- 
tents of  the  room  in  which  it  occurs.  The  requirements  of  the 
Board  of  Fire  Underwriters  of  the  various  cities  of  the  United 
States  are  usually  amply  protective  when  honestly  met,  but  fre- 
quently, in  pursuance  of  a  "penny-wise,  pound-foolish"  plan,  eti'ort 
is  made  to  avoid  rather  than  meet  the  requirements. 

A  question  which  should  be  well  considered  before  the  plans 
are  drawn  is  the  matter  of  gasoline  storage.  In  the  case  of  the 
large  commercial  garage  this  question  becomes  a  vital  one  and 
frequently  tests  the  ingenuity  of  the  architect  to  the  utmost.  An 
instance  is  given  in  this  work  where  a  saving  of  $30,000  a  year  in 
insurance  premiums  was  eflfected  for  the  owners  by  the  clever  ar- 
rangements for  storage  devised  by  their  architects.  In  the  case 
of  the  small  private  garage,  however,  this  matter  is  left  more  to 
the  discretion  of  the  owner.  By  far  the  safest  way  is,  of  course, 
to  sink,  the  tank  in  the  ground  some  distance  from  the  garage. 
Many  owners,  however,  are  unwilling  to  incur  the  additional 
expense  which  this  method  involves,  and  the  next  safest  way  is  to 
build  a  platform  outside  the  building  for  the  gasoline  tank,  with 
a  pipe  connection  through  the  walls  to  the  inside.  The  fuel  is 
thus  kept  outside  of  the  building,  and  as  the  gasoline  is  supplied 
by  gravity,  there  is  nothing  about  the  apparatus  to  get  out  of  order. 
The  last  and  least  desirable  method  of  storage  is  to  simply  keep 
the  tank  in  some  convenient  corner  within  the  structure.  Many 
insurance  companies  refuse  to  allow  a  quantity  of  more  than  five 
gallons  to  be  thus  stored. 

As  to  the  size  of  the  private  garage,  that  is  a  point  to  be  de- 
cided by  many  varying  conditions.  It  seems,  however,  unless 
absolutely  necessary  to  do  so,  inadvisable  to  build  a  one-car  garage. 
It  is  certainly  inhospitable,  much  like  building  a  house  wherein 
no  provision  is  made  for  an  occasional  guest.  A  visiting  car  cannot 
be  housed  in  a  one-car  garage.  Economically  considered,  and  this 
is  especially  true  of  suburban  towns,  it  is  always  possible  to  rent 
the  space  not  needed  by  the  owner,  thus  making  the  building  prac- 
tically pay  for  itself. 


PART  I 

Private  Country  and  Suburban  Garages 

WE  will  first  consider  non-fireproof  structures;  the  frame 
building  and  the  stucco  finished  structure  on  wooden 
framing,  equally  subject  to  destruction  from  fire  within. 
These    modes    of    construction    though    attractive    are 
hardly  to  be  commended. 

A  good  example  of  the  very  tiny  garage  designed  for  one  run- 
about car,  is  that  owned  by  Mrs.  Mary  A.  Clapp,  and  planned  by 
C.  E.  Schermerhorn.  The  dimensions,  12  feet  by  16  feet,  allow 
sufBcient  space  for  work  benches  and  an  aisle  two  feet  wide  around 
the  car.  It  is  of  extremely  simple  architecture,  the  roof  and  the 
doors  saving  it  from  the  appearance  of  a  large  packing  box.  It 
is  of  frame  construction  with  shingled  sides  and  roof,  and  the 
floor  is  of  concrete.    The  cost  was  $1,600. 

The  small  garage  at  448  Ridge  Street,  Newark,  N.  J.,  built 
from  plans  drawn  by  William  D.  Jones,  is  also  an  example  of 
wood  construction.  The  balloon  frame  is  clapboarded  on  the 
outside,  with  a  shingled  roof.  The  interior  is  left  unfinished.  The 
floor  and  approach  are  concreted  and  the  size  is  sufficient  for 
one  car. 

The  needs  and  requirements  of  a  garage  are  sometimes  so 
simple  that  the  services  of  an  architect  are  not  necessary.  When 
the  prospective  builder  of  such  a  structure  has  a  definite  idea  of 
the  building  he  desires  to  construct,  it  is  quite  possible  to  erect 
it  without  other  plans  than  those  a  capable  carpenter  can  make. 
In  proof  of  this  we  show  two  garage  buildings  at  Larchmont 
Park,  N.  Y.  That  on  the  right  belongs  to  Mr.  Chambers,  and  was 
planned  by  him  with  the  aid  of  his  carpenter.  It  is  a  frame  struc- 
ture with  shingled  sides  and  roof.     It  will  house  two  cars. 

It  is,  however,  unfortunate  for  both  buildings  that  their  re- 
spective owners  should  have  placed  them  side  by  side;  they  form 
an  inharmonious  group.  Had  they  been  placed  a  suitable  dis- 
tance apart,  the  appearance  of  either  would  have  been  much 
enhanced. 


GARAGE  FOR  MRS.  MARY   A.  CLAPP  AT  OAK  LANE,   PA. 

C.   1*2.   Scliermerhorn,  Architect 


GARAGE  AT  448  RIDGE  STREET,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 


8 


Win.   D.  Jones,   Architect 


I'KAMI-;  OAkA(.,l-..s   Al    LAKLllMi  <-\  1    PARK.    MA\     '^iikk 


GARAGE  FOR  MR.  C    il.  WILSON.  EAST  ORANGE.  N.  J. 

9 


GARAGES   .iXD    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


This  is  a  point  untDrtunatelv  too  much  neglected  by  suburban 
builders  and  their  architects.  It  may  seem  an  absurdity,  especially 
in  this  land  of  individuality,  tor  a  man  to  design  his  house  or  his 
garage  to  harmonize  with  that  ot  his  neighbor,  but  it  is  never- 
theless true  that  if  the  architect  or  owner,  or  both,  would  curb 
the  wild  riot  of  individual  fancy,  and  consider  a  little  the  natural 
and  artificial  limitations  of  the  particular  spot  to  be  "improved," 
our  suburban  towns  would  not  present  the  peculiar,  not  to  say 
absurd,  appearance  they  often  do. 

The  garage  erected  at  68  Beach  Street,  East  Orange,  N.  J., 
for  Mr.  C.  H.  Wilson,  is  another  instance  ofifered  in  proof  that, 
so  far  as  a  small  garage  is  concerned,  the  architect  may  be  dispensed 
with.  A  cut  and  a  description  published  in  a  magazine  furnished 
the  inspiration  from  which  Mr.  Wilson,  with  the  aid  of  the  car- 
penter who  built  the  garage,  sketched  the  plan.  Since  many  of 
the  smaller  garage  buildings  are  little  more  than  large  boxes 
in  design,  the  matter  resolves  itself  into  a  choice  of  materials  and 
appliances.  This  particular  building  is  a  frame  structure  with  a 
shingled  roof  finished  with  a  ventilator.  The  floor  is  of  concrete. 
It  is  well  lighted  and  there  is  abundance  of  room  for  two  cars. 


GARAGE  FOR  DR.  W.M.  GALlU.  CORXEK  OF   FLW'OOD  A\'FXUE   AND   .MT. 
PROSPECT   AVENUE,   NEWARK,   X.  J. 

10 


INSIUE    DIMENSIONS    I3     X    IQ 


GARAGE   FOR  MR.  THEROX  H.  DEYO,  N.  E.  CORXER  OF  BERKELEY  AND 
CLIFTOX  AVEXUES,  NEWARK.  X.  J. 

\Vm.  D.  Tone^i.  Architect 


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■; ■' \-X' V  <•' j> i »* '••:-'■:' 


GARAGE  FOR  DR.  H.  S.  NICHOLSON,  PITTSBURG.   PA. 

U.    .\I.    Trimlile,    ..\rcliitcct 


GARAGE    ON    RIDGE    STREET,    NEWARK.    X.   J. 

Tolm    II,   and    \\  ilson    C.    Kly,    Architects 


GARAGE  ON  SU^LMER  AVENUE,  NEWARK.  N.  J. 
13 


GARAGES    A\P    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 

The  garage  lor  Mr.  rhcioii  il.  Deyo  is  designed  in  i^eeping 
with  the  residence  which  it  adjoins,  'liie  little  building  is  of 
frame  construction,  sheathed,  covered  with  water-proof  building 
paper  and  furring  strips  which  carry  the  wire  mesh  upon  which 
the  concrete  stucco  is  placed.  While  this  method  of  construction 
gives  the  appearance  outwardly  of  a  fireproof  structure,  it  pos- 
sesses no  particular  advantage  over  the  frame  building.  It  has  a 
shingled  roof  on  a  wooden  frame.  The  plan  which  we  show 
herewith,  while  of  the  simplest,  is  of  value  in  that  it  gives  the 
dimensions  suitable  for  one  large  car. 

A  garage  such  as  the  one  described  above  may  be  made  com- 
paratively fireproof  if  the  inside  of  the  structure,  including  the 
ceiling,  is  stuccoed  with  cement  in  a  manner  similar  to  the  outside. 
This  entirely  encloses  the  wood  and  the  danger  from  ignition 
from  a  gasoline  blaze  is  minimized. 

The  garage  for  Dr.  H.  S.  Nicholson  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  was 
designed  by  R.  Maurice  Trimble.  It  is  a  wood  framed  and  cement 
stucco  finished  building,  of  a  size  suitable  for  two  cars.  Its  out- 
side dimensions  are  19  feet  by  20  feet.  The  front  has  an  opening 
of  16  feet  4  inches,  closed  by  two  doors,  both  sliding,  one  behind 
the  other,  so  that  either  side  may  be  opened,  but  only  one  at  a 
time.  The  footings  are  of  concrete  and  the  bed  of  the  garage  is 
concrete  with  a  cement  floor.  Both  exterior  and  interior  are 
cement  finished,  and  the  roof  is  of  slate.  The  section  shown  in  the 
illustration  explains  the  construction. 

The  attractive  building  designed  by  Mr.  James  R.  Tyler  for 
Mr.  M.  D.  Knapp,  is  built  of  timber  for  the  first  story,  while  the 
upper  part  is  of  stucco  construction.  The  second  story  contains 
a  living  room,  kitchen,  two  bedrooms  and  bath.  On  the  ground 
floor  there  is  ample  accommodation  for  motors  and  a  good  sized 
work  shop.  The  floors  are  of  cement,  and  the  building  is  equipped 
throughout  with  a  hot  water  heating  system. 

Three  other  stucco-finished  garages  are  shown  on  pages  10 
and  13.  They  are  all  in  Newark,  N.  J.  The  one  for  Dr.  Gauch 
is  a  single  car  garage  of  stucco,  making  an  unobtrusive  appearance 
in  the  rear  of  his  residence.  The  garage  on  Ridge  Street  is  de- 
signed for  two  cars,  and  is  in  harmony  with  the  residence  to  which 

14 


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GARAGE  FOR  MR.  M.  D.  KXAPP, 

LAKE  AVENUE,  ROCHESTER, 

X.  Y. 

James   R.    Tyler,  Architect 


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OLOUKK      PLAN 


SLCOM    TLOCL. 


GARAGE  FOR  MR.   ALBERT   L.   BAILY   AT   HAVERFORD,   PA. 

Baily  &  Bassett,  Architects 
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GARAGE  FOR  A.  C.  LAWRENCE,  MARBLEHEAD  NECK,  MASS. 

Kilham  &  Hopkins,  Architects 

17 


GARAGES  AND   MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

it  belongs.    A  still  larger  garage  is  that  on  Summer  Avenue.    This 
is  also  finished  in  stucco  with  a  shingle  roof. 

Often  the  garage  furnishes  a  convenient  nucleus  around  which 
a  number  of  out-buildings  may  be  gathered  under  one  roof.  A 
combination  of  garage,  boiler  room,  cow  stable  and  tool  room  on 
the  first  floor,  and  man's  room,  hay  loft,  storage  room  and  pigeon 
loft  on  the  second  floor,  is  the  arrangement  provided  by  Baily 
and  Bassett  for  Mr.  A.  L.  Baily  at  Haverford,  Pa.  Expanded 
steel  lath  is  used  on  all  walls  as  a  semi-fireproof  construction,  and 
an  outside  vestibule  separates  the  garage  proper  from  the  hot 
water  heater.  The  front  doors  slide  past  each  other  on  a  double 
track  so  that  the  whole  space  of  14  feet  can  be  open  at  one  time. 
A  ceiling  washer,  wash  tray,  work-bench  and  efficient  grease  drain- 
age, lighting  and  ventilation  are  part  of  the  plan.  A  side  porch 
for  carriage  or  car  is  not  only  a  convenience,  but  adds  to  the  general 
outline  of  the  building. 

Very  attractive  in  its  simplicity  is  the  rather  small,  two  storied 
garage  which  was  erected  for  Mr.  A.  C.  Lawrence  at  Marblehead, 
Mass.,  from  designs  by  Kilham  and  Hopkins. 

Of  concrete  construction,  with  shingled  roof  and  granolithic 
floor,  it  has  one  apartment  to  the  story;  on  the  first  floor  the  garage, 
and  on  the  second  the  sleeping  room  for  the  man.  It  will  be 
noticed  that  the  gasoline  storage  tank  is  outside  the  building,  and 
dt  a  safe  distance  from  it,  thus  greatly  minimizing  the  danger 
from  fire  and  explosion. 

While  Mr.  Milliken's  garage  undoubtedly  owes  much  of  its 
attractive  appearance  to  its  surroundings,  it  is  in  itself  a  sightly 
structure  of  good  design.  It  is  a  one-storied  garage  and  is  built 
throughout  of  reinforced  concrete.  Besides  the  carriage  room  and 
work  shop,  there  is  good  accommodation  for  the  chaufTeur. 
Messrs.  Kilham  and  Hopkins  of  Boston,  Mass.,  were  the  architects. 

The  garage  at  Wayne,  Pa.,  was  designed  by  the  architect, 
Mr.  Boyd,  to  harmonize  with  a  house  built  several  years  pre- 
viously. The  walls  are  of  brick  left  exposed  inside,  and  rough- 
casted on  the  outside,  with  the  exception  of  the  corners  which 
are  of  Pompeian  brick  treated  in  the  form  of  pilasters.  The  roof 
is  of  green  slate.    There  is  floor  space  to  accommodate  two  cars, 

x8 


t QciNroQCCDCSNCcirrE.  •mccusnauT* 


'Tloon.  Plam* 


GARAGE  FOR  A.  X.  MILLIKEN,  COHASSET.  MASS. 


Kilham  &  Hopkins,  Architect*: 


19 


rirst    pioor   "Plaa  3<rcor7d  floor  p/ar7. 

GARAGE  AT  WAYNE,  PA. 


D.   Knickerbackcr    Boyil.  Architect 


GARAGE  FOR  MR.  W.  D.  DENEGRE,  :MANCHESTER,  MASS. 

Andrews,   Taqiies  &  Rantoul,  Architects. 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


GARAGE  FOR  MISS  MARJORIE  R.  VAN  WICKLE,  BRISTOL,  RHODE  ISLAND 

Kilham  &  Hopkins,   Architects 


and  a  large  washing  space  which  may  be  used  to  store  another 
car  if  necessary. 

Quarters  for  one  man  are  provided  in  the  second  story,  with 
several  closets  and  a  large  loft. 

A  single  storied  design  of  considerable  attraction,  by  Andrews, 
Jacques  and  Rantoul,  is  the  building  for  Mr.  W.  D.  Denegre  at 
Manchester,  Mass.  Also  a  concrete  structure,  the  building  has  a 
shingle  roof.  The  plan  is  interesting.  Adjoining  the  garage  room 
which  affords  ample  space  for  the  storage  of  four  cars,  there  is  a 
large  workshop  lighted  by  ample  end  windows  and  also  by  a  sky- 
light. Adjoining  this  is  the  blacksmith  shop,  but  in  a  separate 
room  approached  only  by  going  out  of  doors.  Still  another  room, 
even  more  isolated,  is  the  battery  room,  for  this  garage  contains 
engine  and  dynamo  and  storage  battery  equipment,  a  plant  which 
would  be  suitable  for  charging  electric  cars. 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


The  garage  which  was  designed  by  Kilham  and  Hopkins  for 
Miss  Marjorie  R.  Van  Wickle,  and  which  was  erected  at  Bristol, 
Rhode  Island,  is  an  amplification  of  the  garage  idea  and  is  an 
elaborate  structure.  The  exterior  is  of  brick  covered  with  stucco. 
In  plan,  it  embraces  two  distinct  and  separate  cottages  with  the 
garage  between.  The  cottages  are  two  storied  and  are  completely 
appointed,  each  containing  five  rooms  and  bath.  They  are  in- 
tended for  the  use  of  the  coachman  and  the  chaufTeur.  The  garage 
itself  is  of  one  story  height,  and  has  accommodation  for  four  cars, 
with  a  tool  room  and  other  appurtenances  in  the  rear. 

Although  in  appearance  a  continuous  building,  the  garage  and 
tool  room  at  the  rear  are  isolated  from  the  two  cottages  which 


FIRST   FLOOR   PLAN 


GARAGE  FOR  MISS  MARJORIE  R.  VAX  WICKLE,  BRISTOL,  RHODE  ISLAND 

Kilham  &  Hopkins,  Architects 
23 


GARAGE  FOR  COL.  C.  N.  WALLACE,  BEVERLY,  AL\SS. 

Kilham  &  Hopkins,  Architects 
24 


rooNT  Elevation 


20-O 


FLDoa  Plan 


MOTOR  HOUSE  FOR  J.  C.  HOPKINS,  DOVER,  MASS. 

Kilham  &  Hopkins,  Architects 


25 


"gtfc,*i";^rg" 


-^^r^itifflr^-'"-. 


n^p^Gor  aACAQt  Pi^pj^vArr.  i:jtatc-almky 


Frederick   B.  O'Connor,   Architect 


26 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


GARAGE  FOR  SENATOR  FOSS,  JAMAICA  PLAIN,  MASS. 

form  the  ends,  as  it  were,  of  the  structure,  by  a  thick  fire  wall  of 
brick.  There  is  absolutely  no  inside  connection  between  the  garage 
and  either  of  the  cottages,  thus  ofifering  considerable  hindrance 
to  the  spread  of  a  fire  from  the  garage  to  the  adjoining  living 
quarters.  Like  several  of  the  other  buildings,  however,  this  struc- 
ture has  a  non-fireproof  shingle  roof. 

A  system  of  semi-fireproof  construction  to  which  we  have 
previously  referred  has  been  employed  by  Kilham  and  Hopkins  in 
building  a  garage  for  Colonel  C.  N.  Wallace  at  Beverly,  Mass. 
The  frame  is  of  wooden  studding,  wire  lathed  and  cement  plastered 
within  and  without.  The  roof  is  of  slate,  and  the  doors  are  grano- 
lithic. The  accommodation  of  the  garage  is  well  shown  by  the 
two  plans  given. 

On  Page  25  we  show  the  front  elevation  and  floor  plan  of  a 
garage  designed  by  Kilham  and  Hopkins  for  Mr.  J.  C.  Hopkins 
of  Dover,  Mass.  The  exterior  is  of  brick  covered  with  stucco, 
and  it  is  one  storied.  The  interior  arrangement  is  entirely  given  up 
to  the  care  and  storage  of  autos. 

On  Page  26  we  show  a  perspective  sketch  with  plan  of  a 
garage  building  which  is  fully  fireproof. 

The  requirements  for  this  building  were  that  it  should  be 
as  nearly  fireproof  as  modern  skill  and  ingenuity  could  make  it, 
and  that  it  should  be  erected  at  a  cost  as  small  as  compatible  with 
first  class  workmanship.  The  architect,  Mr.  Frederick  B.  O'Con- 
nor, believes  that  he  has  met  these  requirements  fully.  The  garage 
is  of  simple  but  prepossessing  appearance,  the  exterior  walls  being 
of  concrete  with  a  rough  finish.  A  pleasing  detail  is  the  colored 
tile  which  was  used  in  the  panels  under  the  brackets  of  the  cornices. 

27 


'VIe^a.iniNC  ValI   of  UpPER.TEffltACe 


GARAGE  FOR  SENATOR  FOSS,  JAMAICA  PLAIN,  MASS. 

Albert  Winslow  Cobb,  Architect 


i — I 


T      nf  ■  fcoati  A"i/     ZS-X19' 

■  coil   vnui^ 


aUDUn     RAN 


LOFT    PL/in 


GARAGE  FOR  MR.  CHARLES  \V.  WELSH,  OAK  LAXE.  PA. 

Baily   &  Bassett,   .\rcliitect9 


29 


GARAGES   AND   MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

Under  the  concrete  floor  is  a  pit,  which  is  fitted  with  a  movable 
iron  cover,  to  be  used  when  the  pit  is  not  in  use.  Botli  pit  and 
floor  are  well  drained.  At  tlic  end  of  the  garage  arc  the  work 
bench  which  has  abundance  of  light  and  is  convenient  to  the  car, 
a  tool  closet,  and  a  gasoline  storage  closet.  The  dimensions,  inside, 
of  the  garage  are  20  feet  by  24  feet. 

It  would  be  possible  to  develop  this  design  in  wood,  at  a 
material  reduction  in  cost,  but  of  course,  at  a  sacrifice  of  its  fire- 
proof qualities. 

The  garage  for  Senator  Foss  at  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass.,  de- 
signed by  Albert  Winslow  Cobb,  is  a  concrete  block  structure 
which  will  contain  about  three  cars.  Ihe  building  is  peculiar  in 
that  it  is  built  into  the  side  of  a  hill  at  the  juncture  of  the  upper 
and  lower  terrace  at  the  rear  of  the  Senator's  home.  The  floor 
level  is  that  of  the  rear  street  and  the  roof  level  that  of  the  upper 
terrace  with  a  monitor  light  projecting  slightly  above.  Exterior 
windows  are  confined  to  the  front  and  sides.  This  arrangement 
is  shown  plainly  in  the  plan  and  section.  The  building  has  a 
granolithic  floor  and  is  equipped  with  a  crane  carried  on  a  cross 
girder,  making  it  possible  to  lift  heavy  machinery  at  any  point. 
The  gasoline  supply  is  brought  by  means  of  a  pump  in  the  building 
from  a  tank  which  is  30  feet  away. 

Two  garages  designed  by  Baily  and  Bassett  are  of  interest 
as  they  combine  the  use  of  stucco  finish  with  stone  base  and  chim- 
ney, and  piers  at  the  front  between  the  doors.  The  designs  are 
exceedingly  attractive  and  their  setting  between  the  trees  adds  not 
a  little  to  the  beauty  of  the  picture. 

An  ideal  garage  for  two  cars  is  revealed  in  the  half-timbered 
building  on  Mr.  Charles  W.  Welsh's  property  at  Oak  Lane.  A 
heater  in  a  small  cellar  with  reinforced  concrete  ceiling  over  it, 
provides  effective  hot  water  heating  to  the  main  floor,  and  to  the 
man's  room  and  bath  above.  A  wainscot  and  bufif  sand  finish 
plaster  on  expanded  metal,  and  dark  wood  finish,  provide  an 
attractive  interior. 

The  garage  for  Mr.  James  McCrea  at  Ardmore,  Pa.,  will 
accommodate  comfortably  three  large  automobiles,  and  has  a  large 
repair  shop  in  the  rear  with  pit,  bench,  toilet,  and  an  independent 

30 


fll/T    FLOOl  fUN 


J"£COH)    FLOOJi  )M 


GARAGE   FOR  MR.  JAMES   McCREA   AT  ARDMORE.   PA. 

Baily   &   B-issett,   Archite?t<! 
31 


GrounJ  Klcop  Plan 


Second    Floor  Plan 


GARAGE  AT  MERION,  PA. 


D.  Knickerbacker  Boyd,  Architect 


32 


FIRST  FLOOR 


OECOIHD  FLOOR 


GARAGE  FOR  }^IRS.  IRENE  D.  OVERX,  OAK  LAXE.  PA. 

C.   E.   Schermerhorn,  Architect 

33 


GARAGES   AXD    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

boiler  room  and  coal  bin  reached  by  an  outside  door  from  the 
porch.  This  porch  is  also  an  entrance  to  the  chauffeur's  apartment 
on  the  second  floor,  which,  as  the  plans  show,  nicely  accommodates 
his  family  with  sitting  room,  bath,  kitchen  and  bed  rooms,  and 
which  is  completely  separated  from  tlie  tloor  below  with  its  odors 
of  gasoline. 

The  garage  at  iMerion,  Pa.,  corresponds  architecturally  with 
the  house  to  which  it  belongs.  'Ihe  materials  of  the  exterior  are 
stone  and  brick,  with  a  half-timbered  second  story.  The  roof  is 
of  red  tile.     Mr.  D.  Knickerbacker  Boyd  was  the  architect. 

In  plan,  the  garage  consists  of  two  stories  and  a  basement 
which  extends  under  part  of  the  building  and  is  used  for  the  heat- 
ing apparatus.  The  basement  is  accessible  from  both  inside  and 
outside,  and  is  separated  from  the  first  story  by  reinforced  concrete 
slab  construction. 

There  is  accommodation  for  four  large  cars  on  the  first  floor. 
The  form  of  plan  and  the  arrangement  of  doors  make  a  turntable 
unnecessary,  the  cars  being  run  into  any  desired  position  without 
difficulty.  A  feature  of  the  plan  is  the  washing  space  or  covered 
porch  on  the  ground  floor,  over  which  is  a  loft  which  can  be  used 
as  a  storage  place  for  the  winter  body  of  one  of  the  cars.  The 
body  may  be  lifted  directly  from  the  car  into  the  loft  and  the  trap 
doors  closed  under  it. 

The  second  floor  provides  accommodation  for  the  gardener's 
family  and  the  chauffeurs. 

Designed  to  harmonize  with  the  house  to  which  it  is  an  ac- 
cessory, the  structure  on  Page  33  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  $2,000 
from  plans  by  Mr.  C.  E.  Schermerhorn  for  Mrs.  Irene  D.  Overn. 
It  is  a  one-car  garage  of  masonry,  with  cement  floors,  and  is 
equipped  with  everj^  modern  device  for  the  automobile.  A  notable 
feature  is  the  absence  of  a  repair  pit.  It  was  considered  an  in- 
convenient place  in  which  to  work,  and  a  chain  and  tackle  take 
its  place.  By  this  means  the  forward  end  of  the  car  can  he  raised 
to  get  at  the  under  side  when  necessary. 

On  the  second  floor  are  sleeping  accommodations  for  the 
chauffeur,  and  a  good  sized  store  room. 


The  next  garage  shown  was  designed  bv  Mr.  C.  E.  Schermer- 

)  h 

34 


horn  after  the  Colonial  idea,  to  harmonize  with  the  residence  of 


FmST  FLOOR^ 


SECOND  FIOOR. 


GARAGE  FOR  MR.  CHAS.  E.  SCHMIDT,  ELKINS  PARK,  PA. 

C.    E.   Schermerhorn,  Architect 


35 


GtoUND   ?LAIi 


GARAGE  FOR  MR.  CYRUS  H.  K.  CURTIS,  WYNCOTE,  PA. 

Paily  S:   Bassett,  Architects 


36 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

the  owner,  Mr.  Schmidt,  at  Elkins  Park,  Pa.  The  building  is 
constructed  of  grey  stone  with  the  Colonial  pointing,  the  trimmings 
being  cream  white  and  the  roof  of  green  slate.  The  garage  on 
the  first  fioor  has  a  cement  floor  and  base,  tiled  sides,  and  a  ceiling 
of  yellow  pine  with  dressed  joists.  There  is  ample  room  for  four 
cars.  It  is  completely  equipped  with  electric  lighting,  overhead 
washing  devices,  under-drainage,  work  benches,  tire  cases,  etc. 

The  second  story  contains  a  general  store  closet,  and  the 
chauffeur's  room  with  adjoining  bath.  The  cost  complete  of  this 
garage  was  $3,500. 


GARAGE  FOR  E.  B.  DANE,  CHESTNUT  HILLS.  MASS. 

-\ndre\vs,  Jaques  &  Rantoul,  Architects 

37 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 


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GARAGE  FOR  E.  B.  DANE,  CHESTNUT  HILLS.  .\L\SS. 

Andrews,  Jaques  &  Rantoul,  Architects 


The  garage  built  for  Mr.  Cyrus  H.  K.  Curtis  at  Wyncote,  Pa., 
which  was  designed  by  Baily  and  Bassett,  is  a  one  story  fireproof 
building,  stone  exterior  with  Vermont  red  slate  roof,  designed 
solely  as  a  receptacle  for  automobiles  with  the  most  modern  ac- 
commodations for  chaufifeur's  apartments,  toilet  room,  tool  room, 
robe  closet,  and  hot  water  heating  apparatus.  It  is  also  equipped 
with  a  Bowser  pump  and  i  lOo  gallon  tank,  cabinet  for  lubricating 
oils,  ceiling  washer  and  electric  pump  for  filling  tires,  with  at- 
tachments on  both  sides  of  the  building  operated  by  switches. 

The  main  room  is  lined  from  floor  to  ceiling  with  white 
enamelled  brick  and  has  an  enamelled  wash  tray,  fire  hose,  and 
repair  pit,  and  large  brick  grease  traps  under  each  car  space.  An 
outside  vestibule  on  the  south  side  is  arranged  between  the  main 
room  and  the  boiler  room  to  intercept  any  gasoline  fumes.  Floor 
and  ceiling  ventilation  to  the  outside  is  also  provided.  The  doors 
and  trim  are  of  polished  oak. 

38 


GARAGES    AXD    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 


SINGLE  CAR  GARAGE  ON  CLIFTON  AVENUE,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 


The  illustrations  which  follow  are  of  garages  in  the  construc- 
tion of  which  brick  has  been  used  as  the  principal  structural  ma- 
terial. Walls  of  brick  and  stone,  and  brick  with  stone  trimmings 
are  all  to  be  found  in  the  illustrations.  The  roofs  and  the  finish 
are  of  shingle  in  some  cases,  slate  in  others. 

The  first  one  that  we  show  is  a  large  building  for  Mr.  E.  B. 
Dane  at  Chestnut  Hills,  Mass.  It  combines,  together  with  a  large 
room  for  the  storage  of  automobiles,  an  adjoining  room  for  acces- 
sory equipment,  the  living  rooms  for  the  men  in  the  second  story, 
and  to  one  side  a  squash  court  which  is  approached  by  a  separate 
entrance.  Although  this  court  is  within  the  same  walls,  it  is  shut 
off  from  the  rest  of  the  structure. 

As  shown  on  the  plan,  the  arrangement  of  this  building  is  of 
interest.    First,  there  is  the  large  garage  room  for  the  automobiles. 

39 


Jos.    1'".    I'elletier,    Architect 


BRICK  AND  FRAME  GARAGES  ON  CLIFTON  AVENUE,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

40 


FIRST    FLOOR    PLAN 


SECONn    FLOOR    PLAN 


GARAGE  AND  STABLE  FOR  MR.  F.  E.  ANDERSON,  NASHUA,  N.  H. 

Hill  &  James,   Architects 

41 


GARAGES   AND   MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

Back  of  this  and  separated  from  it  by  a  sliding  door,  is  the  wash 
stand,  and  beyond  in  line  is  the  work  shop,  which  contains  a  good 
equipment  of  machinery.  Below,  in  a  basement  under  the  work 
shop,  is  the  blacksmith  shop  and  the  heating  plant  for  the  building. 
The  arrangement  is  a  sensible  one  and  convenient,  as  well  as 
economical  of  space. 

The  second  floor  contains  rooms  for  the  men  and  a  large 
storage  room. 

Quite  a  contrast  in  size  is  presented  by  the  tliree  garages  next 
illustrated.  One,  a  tiny  afifair  of  hard-burned  brick  with  a  slate 
roof,  is  a  substantial  and  attractive  little  structure,  with  its  ap- 
proach and  general  setting  close  in  among  the  houses. 

The  two  other  structures  shown  on  Page  40  are  somewhat 
larger  and  are  of  brick  and  frame  construction. 

A  combined  garage  and  stable  designed  by  Hill  and  James 
of  Boston  for  Mr.  F.  E.  Anderson  of  Nashua,  N.  H.,  is  our  next 
illustration.  This  very  substantial  structure  is  set  within  an  at- 
tractive formal  garden  and  its  approach  and  surroundings  are 
well  developed.  The  plan  explains  itself,  and  its  accommodation 
is  ample. 

The  Colonial  stable  on  Mr.  J.  L.  Baily's  property  at  Ardmore 
is  designed  principally  for  the  accommodation  of  horses  and  car- 
riages, but  space  in  one  of  the  wings  is  made  fireproof  with  masonry 
walls  and  reinforced  concrete  ceiling,  and  is  intended  for  use  as  a 
garage.  The  doors  and  windows  are  glazed  with  wire  glass,  and 
the  room  is  equipped  with  hydraulic  gasoline  pump,  hot  water 
heating  and  electricity,  with  a  closet  for  oils,  etc.  The  cleaning 
and  harness  rooms,  toilet,  livery  closets,  etc.,  as  well  as  the  tool 
room,  are  all  conveniently  located.  On  the  second  floor  are  two 
rooms  for  chaufifeur  and  coachman,  with  a  showier  bath  between. 
One  half  of  the  loft  is  used  as  a  gymnasium  and  the  other  half 
for  hay.    The  plans  were  drawn  by  Baily  and  Bassett. 

A  garage  building  designed  by  KirchhofT  and  Rose  for  Mr. 
Joseph  Uhlein,  Lake  Drive,  Milwaukee,  is  a  very  elaborate  struc- 
ture containing  besides  the  garage,  a  stable,  a  dog  house  and  a 
dove  cote  which  occupy  the  right  wing,  and  spacious  living  apart- 
ments  on   the  second   floor  over  the  garage.     At   the   left   is   a 

42 


GARAGE  AXD  STABLE  FOR  .MR.  JOSHUA  L.  BAILV  AT  ARDMORE,  PA. 

Raily  &  Bassett,  Architects 


43 


GARAGE  AN'D  STABLE  FOR  JOSEF  E.  UHLEIN,  LAKE  DRIVE,  MILWAUKEE, 

WIS. 


Kirchlioflf  &  Rose,  Architects 


44 


STABLE  AND  GARAGE  FOR  THE  \-ILLA  NO^■A  CO.  LTD. 

Baily   &   Bassett,   .-Vrchitects 

4S 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 


STABLE  AND  GARAGE  FOR  GENERAL  ELBERT  WHEELER,  NASHUA,  N.  H. 

Andrews,  Jaques  &  Rantoul,  Architects 

greenhouse  extension.  The  structure  is  built  of  brick,  and  is  hand- 
some and  substantial.  The  stable  is  fitted  out  with  two  bo.v  stalls, 
the  remaining  space  in  the  right  wing  being  employed  as  a  tool 
room  and  a  work  room,  with  a  small  section  given  over  to  the 
kennel.  The  length,  e.xclusive  of  the  greenhouse,  is  89  feet  and 
the  width  about  45  feet.  On  the  first  story  the  floors  are  of  cement. 
The  garage  is  equipped  with  a  pit  for  cleaning  purposes.  The 
stable  is  also  very  complete.  The  building  is  lighted  by  gas  and 
electricity  and  is  heated  by  steam. 

The  low  spreading  building  erected  by  the  Villa  Nova  Com- 
pany Limited,  was  built  in  connection  with  a  large  house  of  the 
English  half-timbered  type,  and  was  designed  for  the  man  who 
has  horses  and  automobiles,  and  whose  coachman  and  chauffeur 
live  on  the  property.  Although  the  building  is  all  under  one 
connecting  roof,  the  cottage  is  comfortably  isolated  by  the  covered 
passage  adjoining  it,  and  a  similar  passage  separates  the  horse 
stable  from  the  carriage  room,  the  intention  being  to  close  the 
door  at  the  rear  on  the  passage  in  winter.  Besides  the  cottage 
accommodations,  a  man's  or  chaufifeur's  room  is  provided  on  the 

46 


SHEET   METAL   GARAGE    FOR    DR.    LIPl'IXCDTT.    SECOND    AND    SUMMER 

AVENUES,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 

47 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

second  floor,  where  there  is  also  a  iiay  lolt  ami  feed  room.     Baily 
and  Bassett  drew  the  plans. 

Another  building  in  which  stable  and  garage  have  been  com- 
bined is  one  erected  for  General  Elbert  Wheeler  of  Nashua,  N.  H., 
by  Andrews,  Jaques  and  Raiitoul.  Built  of  brick  with  a  slate 
roof,  it  is  a  substantial  structure  and  attractive,  notwithstanding  its 
severe  lines  and,  as  here  seen,  wintry  setting.  It  is  modeled  in  the 
same  style — Dutch  Colonial — as  the  residence  to  which  it  belongs 
and  with  which  it  makes  a  dignified  and  agreeable  efTect  in  a 
pleasant  suburban  street. 

The  garage  for  Dr.  Lippincott  which  is  illustrated  on  Page 
47  is  interesting  because  it  represents  a  type  not  elsewhere  shown. 
It  is  built  of  steel  framework  with  galvanized  steel  side  cover- 
ing. The  floor  is  of  concrete  and  tiie  doors,  which  are  double 
folding,  open  outward.  It  has  three  windows  20x22  inches  which 
are  protected  by  ornamental  iron  gratings.  There  is  a  robe  rack 
provided  around  the  inside  of  the  garage,  as  well  as  hooks  for 
tires,  etc.,  and  a  galvanized  steel  waste  box.  An  additional  feature 
is  a  ventilator  which  may  be  built  on  the  top. 

This  garage  is  the  production  of  the  Riverside  Manufactur- 
ing Company,  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  which  builds  these  structures 
in  a  number  of  sizes  ranging  from  8  feet  6  inches  square  with  7 
foot  sidewalls,  and  with  doors  6  by  7  feet,  to  16  feet  6  inches  wide, 
20  feet  6  inches  long  with  8  foot  sidewalls  and  doors  8  feet  4  inches 
by  13  feet  6  inches.  They  are  also  built  in  larger  sizes  still,  suit- 
able for  two  or  three  cars.  These  garages  are  of  very  moderate 
cost  and  possess  the  advantage  of  being  absolutely  fireproof,  and 
also  portable,  \^'hen  they  are  kept  properly  painted  they  are 
thoroughly  durable  and  serviceable,  and  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  painting  they  may  be  made  to  harmonize  with  the  sur- 
roundings. 


48 


PART  II 

Private  City  Garages 


THE  builder  of  a  private  garage  for  the  storage  of  his  own 
automobiles  in  the  city  must  be  prepared  to  make  a  much 
larger  out-lay  and  build  a  much  more  elaborate  design 
than  is  the  custom  for  a  suburban  or  country  building. 
In  the  first  place,  there  are  no  cheap  city  garages.  The  private 
city  garage  is  on  the  face  of  it,  designed  for  a  man  of  means.  It 
is  expensive,  both  in  first  cost  and  in  operation  and  maintenance. 

Some  of  these  buildings  are  designed  strictly  for  housing  auto- 
mobiles and  nothing  more.  Others  combine  the  garage  and  the 
stable,  and  practically  all  contain  one  or  more  suites  of  rooms,  some 
with  complete  house-keeping  arrangements  for  the  chauffeur  or 
coachman  and  their  families. 

The  advent  of  the  automobile  has  seen  the  transformation  of 
many  private  stables  to  accommodate  this  vehicle.  Some  buildings 
have  been  completely  transformed  to  garages  and  other  stables 
have  been  remodeled  to  meet  with  the  new  requirements.  In  the 
alterations  as  well  as  in  case  of  erecting  new  buildings,  the  re- 
quirements make  fireproof  structures  necessary. 

Besides  the  accommodations  which  must  necessarily  be  pro- 
vided in  the  buildings  for  the  storage  of  machines,  repair  rooms, 
etc.,  together  with  living  quarters  for  chauffeur  and  men,  it  is 
possible  by  the  addition  of  an  extra  story  to  put  in  private  squash 
courts  where  the  owners  are  so  inclined. 

The  designs  shown  on  the  following  pages  show  considerable 
variety  in  treatment.  Located  on  side  streets  and  not  far  from 
Fifth  Avenue,  in  most  cases  the  buildings  are  in  neighborhoods 
largelv  occupied  by  private  houses,  and  their  attractive  fa9ades 
which  but  little  reveal  the  purpose  of  the  buildings,  are  more  in 
the  nature  of  an  adornment  to  the  neighborhood  than  a  detriment 
to  adjoining  property'. 

Located  on  East  90th  Street,  not  far  from  his  residence,  is  a 
private  garage  which  was  erected  for  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  from 
designs  of  Whitfield  and  King.  The  building  is  of  three  stories 
height,  with  2q  feet  frontage  and  a  depth  of  70  feet.    The  fa9ade 

49 


m   ti  in,i  n  Mi! 


50 


A  GARAGE  ERECTED  FOR  MR.  ANDREW  CARNEGIE,  N.  Y.  CITY 

Whitfield  &  King.  Architects 


51 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

is  of  white  Goodale  marble  and  red  Dutch  brick  hiid  English  cross 
bond  with  recessed  joints.  As  originally  designed  it  was  intended 
exclusively  for  the  use  of  electric  vehicles. 

The  entire  first  floor  is  used  for  the  storage,  cleaning  and 
care  of  the  electric  automobiles.  Immediately  within  the  entrance, 
at  the  front  of  the  room,  is  the  washing  floor  which  is  provided 
with  an  overhead  washer.  Back  of  this  is  storage  place  for  five 
machines,  the  center  of  the  floor  being  lighted  by  two  large  sky- 
lights opening  into  a  court  above.  At  the  front  of  the  building 
on  the  right  of  the  main  entrance  door,  is  a  telephone  alcove,  and 
the  desk  of  the  chauffeur  in  charge.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the 
entrance  is  a  vestibule  leading  to  the  stairs.  The  entire  floor  is 
paved  throughout  with  white  vitrified  tiles  and  the  walls  are  lined 
to  the  ceiling  with  semi-glazed  brick.  The  charging  room  is  at 
the  rear  of  this  floor  and  is  shut  off  from  the  main  room  by  a  fire 
wall  and  sliding  door.  At  the  rear  of  this,  another  door  opens 
into  the  yard.  The  charging  room  contains  a  working  pit  and  a 
hydraulic  lift  for  removing  batteries  from  the  vehicles.  In  this 
room  there  are  two  battery  charging  switchboards  with  accompany- 
ing rheostats.  There  is  another  charging  switchboard  located  in 
the  storage  room  near  the  washing  stand  so  that  vehicles  may  be 
charged  and  cleaned  at  the  same  time. 

In  the  rear  of  the  second  floor  and  reached  by  an  elevator 
from  the  charging  room,  there  is  storage  room  for  the  accommo- 
dation of  vehicles  not  in  use.  At  the  front  of  the  building,  the 
second  and  third  stories  provide  rooms  for  the  men.  The  stairs 
are  of  iron  and  marble  and  the  building  is  fireproof  throughout. 

The  stable  and  garage  for  Mr.  A.  B.  Stuyvesant  is  an  example 
of  alteration  work.  The  original  stable  was  re-designed  according 
to  the  plans  of  Albert  N.  Gray  into  the  stable  and  garage  here 
shown.  The  brick  exterior  with  its  attractive  trimmings  and  man- 
sard roof  of  large  Spanish  tile,  is  very  pleasing. 

We  have  most  to  learn,  however,  from  the  plans  of  this  build- 
ing. It  is  25  feet  in  width  by  100  feet  5  inches  in  depth.  The  re- 
constructed building  is  of  fireproof  construction  including  all  floors 
and  roofs.  The  cellar  affords  a  large  storage  space  and  has  at  the 
rear,  a  room  containing  a  cement  pit  in  the  floor  which  is  intended 
for  use  as  an  automobile  repair  room.  There  is  no  heating  plant, 
steam  for  that  purpose  being  taken  from  the  street  service.  A 
large  elevator  with  a  platform   10x16  feet  runs  from  the  cellar 

52 


YARD 


FIRST   FLOOR   PLAN 


SECOND  FLOOR   PLAN 


A  GARAGE  ERECTED  FOR  MR.  ANDREW  CARNEGIE,  N.  Y.  CITY 

Whitfield  &  King,  Architects 

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PLANS  OF  BUILDING  FOR 

57 


FIRST    FLOOR 

-MR.  A.  V.  STU  YVES  ANT 

Albert  M.  Gray,  Architect 


SECOND    FLOOR 


THIRD    FLOOR 


PLANS  OF  BUILDING  FOR  MR.  A.  V.  STUYVESANT 

Albert  M.  Gray,  Architect 


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59 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

floor  level  and  connects  with  the  first  floor  and  the  rear  part  of  the 
second  floor.  Its  location  makes  it  possible  to  readily  dispose  of 
automobiles  or  other  vehicles  and  distribute  them  about  the  build- 
ing. The  gasoline  tank,  whicli  is  filled  from  the  street  opening, 
is  located  in  a  brick  compartment  outside  the  area  wall  and  entirely 
separated  from  the  main  building. 

The  first  floor  at  street  level  contains  the  main  storage  room 
at  the  front  with  carriage  washers  just  within  the  door.  Just  back 
of  the  middle  of  the  room  the  elevator  entrance  is  located.     To 


GARAGE,  i68  E.  70TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

C.  H.   P.  Gilbert,  Architect 
60 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

one  side  a  passage  leads  to  the  stable  and  on  the  other  is  the  harness 
room.  The  stable  has  four  ordinary  stalls  and  one  box  stall.  The 
rtoor  in  the  storage  room  is  tiled,  while  the  stable  floor  is  of  brick. 
Over  the  center  of  the  room  is  a  skylight  which  opens  from  a 
court  above. 

The  second  floor  contains  at  the  rear  a  storage  loft  which, 
as  previously  mentioned,  is  reached  by  the  elevator.  Just  in  front 
of  the  elevator  shaft,  the  upper  part  of  the  building  is  divided 
by  a  court  which  extends  down  to  the  roof  of  the  first  story.  The 
front  part  of  the  building  which  is  thus  separated  consists  of  three 
more  stories  and  is  used  entirely  by  chauffeurs,  coachmen  and  their 
families.  The  second  and  third  floors  each  contain  two  small  suites 
consisting  of  kitchen,  dining  room,  parlor,  bedroom  and  bath.  The 
third  floor  contains  two  large  bedrooms.  The  stair  hall  runs  up 
through  the  center  and  is  lighted  by  a  skylight  overhead  as  shown 
on  the  section.  This  stairway  is  shut  of¥  from  the  first  floor  but 
leads  into  a  small  vestibule  which  is  approached  from  the 
street  and  by  a  fireproof  door  from  the  storage  room.  A  dumb- 
waiter running  from  the  basement  to  the  roof  opens  into  the 
kitchens  of  the  apartments.  This  building  seems  extremely  well 
planned  and  as  a  combination  stable  and  garage  would  seem  to 
afTord  ample  accommodation. 


6i 


PART  III 

Suburban  and  City  Public  Garages 

NOT  every  automobile  owner  has  facility  for  storing  his  car 
on  his  own  premises  and  the  immense  popularity  of  the 
automobile  and  its  continuously  spreading  use  both  for 
business  and  for  relaxation,  make  possible — and  profit- 
able— the  business  of  storing  the  cars,  and  also  renting  them.  The 
commercial  garage  is  the  present  day  livery  stable.  Such  build- 
ings have  sprung  almost  mushroom-like  into  existence  in  every  city 
and  town.  They  are  almost  without  exception  of  the  fireproof 
type. 

The  building  erected  for  the  Newark  Auto  and  Engineering 
Company  is  a  neat  and  modest  type — if  anything  connected  with 
an  automobile  can  be  said  to  be  modest — variations  of  which  occur 
in  suburban  districts  the  country  over.  The  following  illustration 
of  a  garage  in  Milwaukee  shows  another  development  of  the  tvpe. 
The  Newark  garage  is  a  one  story  brick  building  with  heavy 
steel  I-beams  in  place  to  carry  a  second  story.  The  front  of  the 
building  is  stucco  finished  and  the  dimensions  are  50  feet  by  100 
feet.  The  show  room  which  is  about  40  feet  by  40  feet  has  parti- 
tion walls  of  plaster  blocks  and  the  ceiling  is  of  metal.  The 
Bowser  system  of  gasoline  storage  was  installed. 

The  garage  owned  by  Mr.  Eugene  Wuesthofif  and  erected  on 
Second  Street,  Milwaukee,  was  designed  by  Kirchhoff  and  Rose. 
It  is  a  one  story  fireproof  structure  with  ample  accommodation  for 
storage.  There  is  also  a  good  sized  show  room.  It  covers  a  lot 
90  feet  by  36  feet  8  inches,  and  is  built  of  brick  covered  with 
stucco,  smooth  finished.  The  floors  throughout  are  of  cement  and 
the  building  is  lighted  with  both  gas  and  electricity. 

The  show  room  is  separated  from  the  garage  by  glazed  parti- 
tions, and  from  the  office  by  a  rail  and  gate.  There  are  the  neces- 
sary arrangements  for  cleaning  the  cars,  and  the  extreme  rear  of 
the  building  is  occupied  by  a  large  machine  shop. 

A  somewhat  larger,  commercial  garage  is  one  of  two  story 
height  erected  on  Eighth  Street,  Milwaukee,  which  was  also  de- 

63 


NEWARK  AUTO  AND  ENGINEERING  CO.,  BROAD  STREET,  NEWARK,  N.  J. 


64 


GARAGE  ON  SECOND  STREET,  NEAR  STATE  STREET,  .MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 

KirchhoSE  &  Rose,  Architects 


6S 


GARAGE  OX  EIGHTH  STREET,  WILWAUKEE,  WIS. 

Kirchhoff  &  Rose,  Architects 


66 


GARAGE  FOR  THE  BOULEVARD  AUTO  COMPANY 

Bernard   Ebeling,   Architect 

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THREE   CONCRETE   BLOCK  GARAGES    IN    EAST   ORANGE   AND    BRICK 

CHURCH,  N.  J. 
68 


GARAGES    AND    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 


A  FRAME  GARAGE  AT  LARCHMONT,  N.  Y. 

Chas,  A.  Lupprian,   Architect 

signed  by  Kirchhoff  and  Rose  for  Mr.  Eugene  Wuesthoff.  The 
building  is  75  feet  wide  by  125  feet  deep  and  is  constructed  of 
brick,  with  cement  floors  throughout  with  the  exception  of  the 
offices  and  show  room,  where  the  floors  are  of  maple.  The  toilet 
room  floor  is  of  wood  laid  on  strips  embedded  in  the  concrete 
floor  underneath.  The  large  show  room  is  enclosed  by  a  glazed 
partition.  Two  sides  of  the  storage  room  are  given  up  to  lockers. 
Provision  is  made  for  both  gas  and  electric  lighting.  A  large 
elevator  gives  access  to  the  storage  on  the  second  floor.  There 
are  the  usual  arrangements  for  washing  and  cleaning  the  cars. 

In  the  Bronx,  which  is  perilously  near  the  region  of  mammoth 
commercial  garages,  the  Boulevard  Auto  Company  has  erected  a 
two  story  and  basement  garage  which  is  more  suburban  than  urban 
in  its  characteristics.  The  exterior  is  of  brick  with  light  trim- 
mings. The  building  has  a  frontage  on  Southern  Boulevard  of 
66  feet,  and  a  depth  of  Sq  feet.  The  depth  of  the  building  is  tra- 
versed by  two  lines  of  girders  which  are  carried  on  cast  iron 
columns  spaced  20  feet  6  inches  on  centers.  The  girders  are  18 
feet  8  inches  from  each  side  wall,  with  26  feet  center  space.  The 
fireproofing  is  of  concrete. 

One  large  elevator  running  from  the  cellar  to  the  top  floor, 
serves  the  building.    A  turntable  on  the  first  floor  is  a  convenience. 

69 


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COXCRETE  (iARAGF.  FOR  PALMER  &  SINGER  MF(;.  CO.,  BROADWAY,  NEAR 

50TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

70 


Marvin  &  Davis,  Architects 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


CONCRETE  GARAGE  FOR   PALMER  &  SINGER  MFG.  CO.     THE  ELEVATORS 
WITH  TURNTABLE  BEFORE  THEM  AND  A  PORTION  OF  STOR.\GE  FLOOR 

Marvin  &  Davis,  .Architects 


The  Palmer  and  Singer  Manufacturing  Co.,  garage  occupies 
a  50  foot  lot  which  extends  from  Broadway  150  feet  through  to 
Seventh  Avenue,  between  49th  and  50th  Streets.  It  is  a  five  story 
and  basement,  reinforced  concrete  building,  the  system  of  the 
Trussed  Concrete  Steel  Company  having  been  used  in  the  rein- 
forcement. Throughout  the  interior,  wooden  trim  is  almost  en- 
tirely absent,  and  the  floors  are  finished  with  cement  surface.  The 
elevators  are  enclosed  by  concrete  partition  walls,  and  each  floor 
is  practically  isolated,  these  precautions  adding  greatly  to  the  fire- 
proof qualities  of  the  structure. 

The  Broadway  end  of  the  first  floor  is  occupied  bv  a  show 
room  which  extends  the  width  of  the  building,  its  dimensions  being 
36x48  feet.  The  Seventh  Avenue  end  of  the  floor  is  the  entrance 
way  for  the  garage,  which  leaves  about  one-third  of  the  entire 
floor  space  available  for  storage  purposes. 

A  mezzanine  above  the  first  floor  provides  desk  room  in  a 
gallery  over  the  main  show  room,  the  remainder  of  the  mezzanine 
being  utilized  as  a  locker  room  for  owners  of  machines;  450  lockers 
are  provided,  two  being  allowed  for  each  machine  stored. 

An  area  of  22x24  ^^^^  on  each  floor  is  occupied  by  the 
elevators,  and  the  carriage  washer  occupies  a  slightly  smaller 
space.  A  turntable  on  each  floor  is  14  feet  in  diameter,  and  this 
also  cuts  into  the  storage  room.  The  elevator  cars  are  10x20  feet 
and  will  carry  12,000  pounds,  a  size  and  capacity  capable  of 
handling  the  largest  touring  car.     The  turntables  carry  i;  tons. 

71 


GARAGE  BUILDING,  WEST  93D  STREET,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

Snelling  &   Potter,  Arcliitects 


72 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 

In  the  basement,  a  vault  at  each  end  is  available  for  the  storage 
of  automobiles,  and  there  are  several  repair  pits  as  well.  The 
boiler  room,  which  is  at  the  Seventh  Avenue  end,  is  completely 
isolated  from  the  remainder  of  the  basement  and  is  entered  from 
the  sidewalk  only.  The  elevator  machine  room  is  also  isolated, 
but  is  entered  from  the  Broadway  side  by  a  self-closing  fireproof 
door. 

The  requirements  of  the  Bureau  of  Combustibles,  and  the 
desire  of  getting  as  low  a  rate  of  insurance  as  possible,  make  neces- 
sary an  efficient  system  of  handling  and  storing  gasoline  and  lubri- 
cating oils.    The  Bowser  system  is  in  use  in  this  garage. 

Under  the  Seventh  Avenue  sidewalk, 
two  feet  below  the  level  of  the  basement  floor, 
are  five  tanks  of  275  gallons  capacity  each.  A 
12  inch  fire  wall,  without  opening  into  the 
basement,  thoroughly  isolates  the  tanks.  This 
area  has  been  filled  in  to  the  sidewalk  level, 
completely  covering  the  tanks.  The  filling  of 
the  tanks  is  accomplished  directly  from  the 
street  through  sidewalk  connections,  the  gaso- 
line flowing  from  the  barrels  on  the  wagons 
into  the  tanks.  The  tanks  are  separately 
vented  to  a  main  vent  pipe  which  leads  to  the 


.._|.|_._ 


T 


PLAN  OF  GROUND  FLOOR  GARAGE,  W.  g^D  STREET.  NEW  YORK 

Snelling  &  Potter,  Architects 


73 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

roof.  The  delivery  of  the  gasoline  is  accomplished  by  means 
of  three  pumps  which  are  placed  in  a  fireproof  pump  room 
which  is  vented  to  the  roof  by  an  8x8  inch  vent.  The  pumps 
measure  the  gasoline  as  delivered,  and  record  by  the  pint,  tjuart, 
half  gallon  and  gallon.  From  the  pumps  the  gasoline  is  delivered 
into  a  portable  hlling  tank  which  contains  50  gallons.  This  can 
be  wheeled  directly  to  a  machine  at  any  point  and  the  supplv 
pumped  in  and  measured. 

The  lubricating  oil  is  handled  in  a  similar  manner.  Four 
tanks  of  250  gallon  capacity,  for  different  kinds  of  lubricating  oil, 
are  located  in  the  basement.  They  are  provided  witli  recording 
apparatus  to  show  the  standing  supply  and  have  a  special  barrel 
track  for  convenience  in  filling  the  tanks  directly  from  the  barrel. 
A  lubricating  oil  pump  from  each  tank  is  located  in  a  screen  in- 
closure  on  the  first  floor.  From  this  room  a  portable  lubricating 
oil  tank  is  supplied. 

The  business  offices  of  the  company  occupy  the  front  of  the 
second  story,  while  on  the  Seventh  Avenue  side  there  are  the 
chauffeurs'  rooms,  locker  rooms,  toilet,  showers,  etc.  The  third 
and  fourth  floors  are  entirely  given  up  to  storage  space. 

The  total  floor  area  of  a  single  floor  is  about  7,000  square 
feet.  Deducting  from  this  the  elevator  space  and  the  space  occu- 
pied by  the  washer  and  turntables,  approximately  5,500  square  feet 
of  floor  area  are  available  for  the  storage  of  machines.  Forty  large 
cars  can  be  stored  on  a  floor  without  crowding.  The  live  load  al- 
lowed is  150  pounds  per  square  foot,  which  is  adequate  to  carry 
the  heaviest  machine. 

The  top  floor  is  used  principally  for  the  repair  shops.  The 
shop  is  located  at  the  Broadway  end,  and  is  48  feet  square,  with 
a  storeroom  for  machine  parts  at  one  side.  At  the  Seventh  Avenue 
end  there  are  four  repair  pits.  The  estimated  storage  capacity 
of  the  building  is  about  175  cars. 

The  garage  on  West  93d  Street,  New  York  City,  designed 
by  Snelling  and  Potter,  contains  a  good  repair  department  and 
machine  shop,  as  well  as  storage  room  for  automobiles.  There  are 
three  floors  and  basement,  the  basement  having  a  height  of  9  feet, 
the  first  floor  18  feet,  and  the  two  upper  stories  about  15  feet  each. 
The  first  floor  is  intended  for  the  use  of  machines  which  are  in 
daily  use,  the  second  floor  for  general  storage,  while  the  repair 
department  is  on  the  third  floor. 

74 


KXTERIOR    AND    M'XIN    FLOOR    PL\N— THE    PACKARD    GARAGE.    BROAD- 
WAY AND  61ST  STREET.  NEW  YORK 

Albert  Kaliii,   Architect 
75 


C.IRAGES    .IXn    MOTOR   BOAT  I/Ol'SFS 

Study  of  tlio  plan  will  show  that  the  building  is  L  shaped. 
The  lot  has  a  width  of  50  feet  in  front,  while  the  L  is  32  feet 
6  inches  wide.  The  depth  is  100  feet.  The  exterior  is  simple  in 
design,  with  solid  piers  running  up  the  front  with  large  windows 
between.  The  cornice  is  ornamented  with  a  central  terra  cotta 
relief  representing  a  speeding  automobile.  The  central  doorway, 
which  forms  the  entrance  to  the  building,  is  about  16  feet  wide 
and  about  16  feet  high. 

On  the  first  floor,  on  one  side  of  the  entrance,  is  the  office,  a 
room  about  14  feet  square,  back  of  which  is  a  spiral  staircase 
leading  to  the  upper  floors.  Opposite  the  office  is  a  room  of  similar 
dimensions  which  is  used  as  a  club  room  by  the  patrons  of  the 
garage.  The  elevator,  which  is  10  feet  by  16  feet  8  inches,  is  at 
the  rear  of  the  building,  and  at  one  side  of  this  is  a  washing  stand 
about  20  feet  square.  The  L  on  the  second  floor  is  fitted  up  as  a 
locker  room  for  patrons,  and  contains  a  toilet  room  and  wash 
room  as  well. 


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THE  S.XLESROOM— THE  PACKAR[J  GARAGE 


Albert  Kalin,  Architect 


76 


ACTON  GARAGE,  137  WEST  89TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK 

L.  A.  Coldstone.  Architect 


■77 


GARAGES   AXn    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 

The  repair  (iepartineiit  on  the  third  (loor  is  lighted  by  a  central 
skylight.  There  is  a  complete  machine  shop  and  all  appliances 
necessary  for  the  repairing  of  an  automobile,  including  an  elec- 
trically ligiited  pit  for  working  below  the  machines. 

Although  there  are  only  three  stories,  the  total  height  of  the 
building  is  nearly  70  feet  owing  to  the  e.xtra  height  of  each  story. 
There  are  toilets  and  wash  rooms  on  every  floor  for  the  employees. 
The  heating  is  by  steam. 

The  frame  or  skeleton  of  the  building  is  of  reinforced  con- 
crete which  works  in  the  same  maimer  as  a  steel  construction.  The 
piers  in  the  side  walls  are  26  inches  square,  while  the  piers  across 
the  front,  in  the  wing  and  about  the  elevator  shaft,  are  iS  inches 
square.  There  are  a  few  smaller  columns  16  inches  square  and  one 
that  is  34  inches  square.  This  last  is  at  the  angle  of  junction  be- 
tween the  wing  and  the  main  structure,  and  is  unusually  heavy 
because  of  the  extra  number  of  girders  attached  to  it.  These  are 
the  dimensions  at  first  floor  level.  The  sizes  diminish  slightly  as 
they  reach  the  upper  floors.  The  main  cross  girders  are  2  feet 
by  3  feet  in  size,  and  were  built  up  with  the  columns  so  that  the 
whole  is  monololithic.  Smaller  concrete  beams,  12  inches  by  18 
inches,  connect  the  main  beams  and  support  the  floor,  which  con- 
sists of  5  inches  of  concrete  reinforced  with  bars.  The  proportions 
of  the  girders  vary  with  the  width  of  the  span.  The  greatest  span 
is  across  the  front  section  of  the  building,  where  the  w^idth  is  50 
feet.  This  space  the  concrete  beams  cross  without  any  central 
support  on  the  upper  floors.  In  the  basement,  however,  there  are 
pillars  indicated  in  the  plan  at  C  C,  etc.,  which  carry  the  floor 
of  the  first  story.  The  piers  and  girders  average  about  13  feet  6 
inches  apart  on  centers,  while  the  smaller  transverse  beams  which 
support  the  floor  are  about  7  feet  on  centers.  On  the  top  floor  a 
reinforced  girder  runs  completely  across  the  front,  giving  support 
to  the  terra  cotta  ornament  of  the  cornice,  and  the  flag  pole. 

The  reinforcement  is  accomplished  by  using  a  rather  light  bar 
or  bond  perforated  at  intervals,  and  also  a  plain  bar  about  14  '"ch 
square.  There  are  about  sixteen  of  these  bars  in  one  of  the  18 
inch  piers. 

The  well  of  the  stairs  is  an  interesting  piece  of  work,  which 
is  clearly  shown  on  the  plan.  Short  concrete  beams  across  the 
corners  form  the  supporters  at  each  floor  for  the  spiral  iron  stair- 
case, which  runs  from  basement  to  the  roof. 

The  building  was  left  plain  on  the  interior,  with  the  girders 

78 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


of  the  ceilings  exposed.     The  floors  are  cemented  over  the  con- 
crete, giving  a  smooth  and  easily  cleaned  surface. 

The  Packard  Garage  at  6ist  Street  and  Broadway,  New  York 
City,  was  built  from  designs  by  Albert  Kahn,  and  the  Kahn  sys- 
tem of  concrete  construction  was  employed  in  its  erection.  It  is 
a  four  story  structure  of  terra  cotta,  mat  finish.  The  series  of  bavs 
extending  almost  to  the  top  of  the  building  is  the  most  striking 
feature  of  the  exterior.  These  bays  contain  iron  framed  windows 
and  afford  excellent  light  to  the  interior.  A  number  of  large 
chandeliers  furnish  light  at  night. 


ACTON  G.\R.\GE— FIRST  .AND  SECOND  FLOOR  PL.\NS 

L.  A.  Goldstone,  Architect 

79 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

The  building  is  actually  three  storied,  the  first  two  stories 
having  been  made  into  one,  mailing  a  lofty  interior.  There  is, 
liowever,  a  mezzanine  floor,  at  the  rear  of  the  store  floor. 

The  Acton  Garage  on  89th  Street,  New  York  City,  was  de- 
signed by  L.  A.  Goldstone.  Of  five  story  height,  the  building  occu- 
pies a  lot  50  feet  by  100  feet  8  inches.  The  foundations  were  car- 
ried down  to  solid  rock,  and  the  gasoline  pits,  oil  room,  boiler 
room  and  motor  room  are  carried  down  to  a  depth  of  16  feet 
below  the  curb. 

The  exterior  is  very  plain,  possessing  no  especial  feature.  The 
building  is  of  absolutely  fireproof  construction,  and  was  designed 
to  meet  every  requirement  of  the  New  York  Board  of  Fire  Under- 
writers, the  Insurance  Exchange,  and  the  Bureau  of  Buildings. 
The  installation  of  vent  shafts  from  the  floor  level  of  each  story 
extending  to  the  roof  and  isolated  from  the  remainder  of  the  build- 
ing, and  the  elimination  of  all  non-fireproof  construction  of  any 
description,  were  in  accordance  with  the  regulations  of  the  above 
mentioned  bodies. 

The  elevator  which  serves  the  building  is  of  6  ton  carrying 
capacity,  and  in  size  is  10  feet  by  20  feet.  As  is  shown  on  the  plan, 
three  columns  on  each  floor  suffice  to  carry  the  floor  systems,  and 
these  do  not  in  any  way  interfere  with  the  movements  of  the  cars. 

The  Goelet  Garage,  built  from  designs  by  F.  IVI.  Andrews 
&  Co.  is  one  of  the  largest  commercial  garages  in  New  York  City. 
It  occupies  an  oddly  shaped  lot,  facing  approximately  174  feet  on 
Broadway,  no  feet  on  64th  Street  and  75  feet  on  65th  Street.  A 
large  light  court  gives  light  and  ventilation  from  the  back. 

The  building  is  of  reinforced  concrete  construction  and  is,  of 
course,  fireproof.  The  exterior  walls  are  of  light  colored  brick 
and  terra  cotta,  with  wrought  iron  trimmings. 

As  to  interior  arrangement,  the  first  floor  is  divided  into  sales 
rooms,  and  the  upper  floors  are  designed  for  storage  purposes. 
Four  elevators  serve  the  building;  two,  which  are  approached  from 
the  main  entrance  on  Broadway,  are  of  the  fast,  passenger  type, 
and  two  are  freight  elevators.  These  last  are  approached  by  drive- 
ways from  the  65th  and  64th  Street  sides,  and  are  10  feet  by  25 
feet  in  size  and  of  20,000  pound  carrying  capacity.  Each  floor  has 
19,000  square  feet  of  space,  giving  a  total  for  the  building  of 
nearly  four  acres.     There  are  commodious  toilets  and  lavatories 

80 


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GARAGES  AND   MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 


GOELET  GARAGE,  64TH  STREET  AND  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK 

F.  M.   Andrews  &   Co..  Arcliitects 
Maynicke  &  Frarike,   Consulting  Architects 

on  each  floor,  and  on  each  storage  floor  are  two  wash  racks  and 
three  pits.  The  floors  are  dampproof  and  of  unusual  thickness,  thus 
providing  against  noise  and  vibration. 

On  the  ground  floor  the  street  facing  sides  form  an  almost 
continuous  plate  glass  show  window,  which  makes  the  salesrooms 
within  very  light  and  attractive.  This  building,  unlike  most  of 
those  illustrated  in  this  book,  was  built  as  an  investment.  The  ma- 
jority of  the  others  were  designed  especially  for  the  firms  which 
occupy  them. 


The  Fuller  Service  Depot,  Boston,  Mass.,  is  a  building  352 
feet  by  70  feet,  and  was  designed  by  Albert  Kahn.  Fronting 
on  three  city  streets  and  surrounded  by  grounds  352  feet  by  190 
feet,  the  building  has  an  unusually  attractive  setting.    The  fourth 

82 


FULLER   SERVICE   DEPOT— A   GARAGE    FOR    PACKARD   MOTOR   CARS, 

BOSTON,  MASS. 


Albert  Kahn,  Architect 


83 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

side  overlooks  property  owned  by  Mr.  Fuller,  which  assures  per- 
fect light  from  all  sides. 

The  building  consists  of  four  floors  and  basement,  constructed 
entirely  of  reinforced  concrete,  and  absolutely  fireproof.  An  auto- 
matic sprinkler  system  is  provided  as  an  additional  precaution. 

The  entrance  and  exit  for  cars,  and  the  outside  entrances  are 
from  a  driveway  through  the  grounds,  consequently  a  front  car 
entrance  was  unnecessary. 

In  the  basement  is  a  large  room,  more  than  half  the  area  of 
which  is  devoted  to  the  storage  of  cars  and  several  wash  racks. 
In  the  basement  also  is  a  large  oil  room  with  suitable  reservoirs 
for  each  different  class  of  lubricant.  Just  outside  of  the  oil  room, 
and  underground,  is  a  gasoline  tank  with  a  capacity  of  i,ooo  gal- 
lons. 71iis  tank  and  each  of  the  reservoirs  are  connected  with 
pumps  leading  to  the  oil  room  and  to  corresponding  oil  supply 
rooms  on  every  floor.  Lubricants  of  all  kinds  and  gasoline  are 
thus  immediately  available  in  all  parts  of  the  building.  Lockers 
for  200  mechanics,  with  lavatory  and  other  facilities  on  a  corre- 
sponding scale  are  situated  in  the  basement  also.  A  most  unusual 
feature  for  this  class  of  buildings  is  a  restaurant  for  the  use  of 
employees,  with  a  completely  equipped  kitchen.  There  are  two 
dining  rooms — one  for  the  mechanical  force,  and  the  other  for  the 
office  force.  The  basement  has  a  direct  outside  entrance  to  the 
driveway  which  is  more  convenient  than  the  elevators  for  getting 
cars  in  and  out. 

The  entrance  to  the  building  is  from  Commonwealth  Avenue 
and  leads  directly  into  the  sales  room,  which  occupies  the  width 
of  the  building  and  has  a  depth  of  70  feet.  In  the  right  rear  corner 
of  this  room  are  the  telephone  switchboards,  a  lavatory,  and  the 
passenger  elevator.  In  the  opposite  corner  is  the  general  manager's 
office,  and  back  of  this  are  the  offices  of  the  technical  and  specifica- 
tion departments.  1  he  finish  of  these  offices  is  entirely  of  (]uarter 
sawed,  light  fumed  oak,  and  all  glass  about  the  offices  is  leaded.  The 
sales  room  is  28  feet  in  height,  but  part  of  this  height  is  occupied 
by  a  mezzanine  floor  where  the  general  offices,  accounting  depart- 
ments, etc.,  are  located.  The  mezzanine  is  reached  by  a  stairway 
which  rises  from  the  central  rear  portion  of  the  sales  room  and 
turns  to  the  left.  The  rear  of  the  main  floor  is  occupied  by  one 
large  room,  70  feet  bv  280  feet.  The  columns  which  support  the 
upper  floors  are  placed  15  feet  from  the  side  walls,  leaving  an 
unobstructed  space  down  the  center  40  feet  wide.     This  is  ample 


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FIRST   AND    SECOND   FLOOR    PLANS 


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FULLER  SERVICE  DEPOT— INTERIOR  AND  PLANS 

Albert  Kahn,  Architect 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

room  in  wliich  to  manipulate  the  largest  cars  or  trucks.  Two  large 
electrical  freight  elevators,  each  one  capable  of  holding  two  large 
cars  and  lifting  a  load  of  8,000  pounds,  are  placed  at  one  side 
of  this  room  and  have  both  inside  and  outside  entrances.  Back 
of  the  elevators  is  the  e.xit  for  outgoing  cars,  and  back  of  the  exit, 
along  one  side  of  the  building,  is  a  space  provided  where  owners 
and  chauffeurs  can  work  on  their  own  cars,  no  outsiders  being 
permitted  in  the  repair  shop  on  the  fourth  Hoor. 

On  the  second  floor  at  the  head  of  the  stairway  is  tlie  repair 
sundry  department.  Back  of  the  sales  counter  is  the  stock  room, 
where  are  to  be  seen  tier  after  tier  of  bins.  The  stock  room  is 
connected  with  each  floor  of  the  building  by  two  electrically  op- 
erated dumb-waiters,  and  by  telephones  and  speaking  tubes.  At 
the  rear  of  the  stock  room  is  the  shipping  room,  and  also  the  re- 
ceiving department,  and  back  of  the  stock  room,  the  entire  re- 
mainder of  the  second  floor  is  given  over  to  the  storage  of  auto- 
mobile bodies,  which  are  placed  upon  suitable  wooden  skids  and 
supported  upon  iron  framework. 

On  the  third  floor  are  the  trim  shop,  where  tops,  seat  covers, 
etc.,  may  be  repaired  or  manufactured;  a  large  open  space  devoted 
to  receiving  and  inspecting  new  cars;  and  the  paint  department, 
which  is  shut  off  from  the  remainder  of  the  floor  by  fire  walls. 

The  fourth  floor  is  one  large  open  room  devoted  to  the  pur- 
pose of  a  general  repair  shop.  The  roof  is  trussed  and  the  w^hole 
floor  left  free  from  any  obstruction.  There  is  light  from  four 
sides,  and  from  two  large  skylights  as  well.  The  entire  room  is 
surrounded  by  a  work  bench.  Partitioned  off  from  one  side,  just 
back  of  the  elevators,  is  a  blacksmith  shop,  made  fireproof  and 
apart  from  the  rest  of  the  building.  In  this  are  various  types  of 
forges,  together  with  facilities  for  hardening  and  tempering. 

On  Fifty-seventh  Street,  between  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  Ave- 
nues, New  York  City,  is  located  what  is  at  present  the  largest 
garage  in  America,  the  New  York  Ta.\i-cab  Company's  garage, 
designed  by  F.  M.  Andrews  &  Co. 

This  garage  is  a  four  story  and  basement,  red  brick  structure, 
with  a  frontage  of  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet,  and  a  depth 
of  one  hundred  and  forty-five  feet. 

Externally,  the  building  possesses  no  features  of  interest,  but 
its  interior  is  replete  with  suggestions  of  great  merit  and  several 
devices  of  a  decidedly  unique  character.    Among  these  unique  fea- 

86 


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GARAGE  FOR  THE  NEW  YORK  TAXI-CAB  COMPANY,  WEST  5-TH  STREET, 

NEW  YORK 

F.  M.  Andrews  &•  Co.,  Architects 


87 


G.lR.UHiS    .l\D    MOTOR    liO.lT    HOUSES 


ENTRANCE  TO  INCLINES  LEADING  TO  BASEMENT  AND  SECOND  FLOOR 
OF  THE  NEW  YORK  TAXI-CAB  GARAGE 


tures  may  be  mentioned,  inclined  runways  by  means  of  which  cars 
may  propel  themselves  to  the  topmost  story  of  the  building;  wash- 
ing platforms  of  great  practicability;  fireproof  dividing  bays;  and 
various  devices  designed  to  facilitate  the  handling  of  cars. 

The  general  arrangement  of  the  building,  which  will  be  bet- 
ter understood  by  a  study  of  the  accompanying  plans,  is  as  follows: 
The  first,  or  street  floor  is  given  over  to  the  extensive  general  offices 
of  the  company  and  a  large  exit  and  entrance  driveway,  and  a 
storage  depot  having  a  capacity  of  175  cars. 

From  the  first  floor,  cars  ascend,  by  means  of  the  inclined 
runways,  to  the  second  and  third  floors,  which  are  devoted  entirely 
to  storage  purposes.  Each  of  these  floors  is  sub-divided  by  a  series 
of  three  partitions  into  four  fireproof  bays.  Each  partition  is  pro- 
vided with  a  heavy,  iron,  fireproof  door,  set  on  hanging  trolleys 
and  adjusted  at  an  acute  downward  angle.  These  doors  are  held 
open  by  means  of  substantial  sash  cords  having  heavy  iron  weights 
attached.     Should  a  fire  occur  the  cord  would  be  consumed,  the 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

weights  would  be  released  and  the  door  would  automatically  close. 
Thus  the  fire  would  be  confined  to  the  room  in  which  it  started 
and  the  damage  be  limited  to  the  contents  of  that  room. 

Each  of  these  storage  fioors  has  a  washing  platform  so  ar- 
ranged that  six  men  may  work  on  a  car  at  one  time  and  dispose 
of  it  with  great  dispatch.  To  further  facilitate  matters,  the  floors 
slope  toward  a  gutter  running  the  whole  length  of  the  room  and 
hose  is  attached  to  the  wall  at  convenient  intervals. 

The  fourth  and  top  floor  is  given  over  to  a  perfectly  equipped 
repair  department  to  which  "dead"  cars  are  carried  by  means  of 
two  elevators,  18x20  feet.  The  total  capacity  of  the  garage  is 
seven  hundred  cars. 

An  interesting  feature  connected  with  the  construction  of  the 
building  is  that  it  was  here  that  Bethlehem  rolled  section  beams 
having  a  clear  span  of  40  feet  were  used  for  the  first  time. 

A  very  interesting  feature  of  this  garage  is  the  system  pro- 
vided for  the  storage  of  gasoline.  The  manner  in  which  it  was 
installed  efifected  a  saving  of  $30,000  a  year  for  the  Taxi-cab  Com- 
pany in  insurance  premiums.  The  method  of  installation  was  as 
follows:  The  tanks  are  encased  in  solid  concrete  sunk  in  a  pit 
12  feet  deep,  situated  twenty-five  feet  from  the  main  structure  and 
divided  from  it  by  a  heavy  fireproof  brick  wall.  Access  to  this  pit 
is  obtained  through  two  manholes.  Each  of  the  eight  delivery 
pipes  terminates  in  a  length  of  flexible  tubing  to  the  end  of  which 
is  attached  a  filling  nozzle.  When  not  in  use,  these  tubes  are  drawn 
up  out  of  the  way  by  means  of  a  counterweight.  The  tanks  are 
provided  with  the  gravity  system,  so  that  water  rises  in  the  tank 
as  the  gasoline  becomes  depleted,  and  thus  evaporation  and  the 
formation  of  gases  is  prevented. 


«g 


PART  IV 


Motor  Boat  Garages 


FOLLOWING  close  upon  the  motor  car,  came  the  motor 
boat,  and  great  as  has  been  the  popularity  of  the  automobile, 
that  of  the  motor  boat  has  greatly  exceeded  it.     Indeed,  the 
vogue  of  the  little  power  craft  is  little  short  of  marvelous. 
No  stream  or  lake,  apparently,  is  too  shallow  or  too  muddy  to 

have  its  fleet  of  "put- 
puts,"  and  as  for  the 
waterways  and  harbors 
along  the  coasts,  they  are 
literally  infested.  Neces- 
sarily, as  in  the  case  of 
the  automobile,  thev 
have  caused  the  evolution 
of  a  new  form  of  archi- 
tecture, the  motor  boat 
garage. 

It  is  especially  neces- 
sary to  protect  the  high- 
powered  and  finely  fin- 
ished boats  from  the  weather,  and  on  most  freshwater  lakes  and 
tideless  rivers,  this  is 
accomplished  by  hous- 
ing them  in  some  kind 
of  boat  house.  In 
many  cases  where  the 
owner  was  already  in 
possession  of  a  boat- 
house,  it  has  been  made 
over  or  added  to,  thus 
providing  accommoda- 
tions for  the  motor 
boat.     This   can   often 

be     done     with     verv       two-slip  boathouse  located  near 
satisfactory  results  and  '^^'^^■^^'^'^j.V -1:aws6n°^^^'^°  ^^' 

^Illustrations  and  information   from  an  article  by  Laurence   La  Rue  in  ''Yachting." 

91 


CANVAS  SHELTER  AT  BROCKVILLE.  OXT.. 
CANADA 


GARAGES    AM)    MOTOR    BOAT    HOl'STS 


BOAT  GARAGE  LOCATED  NEAR  ALEXANDRIA  BAY,  N.  Y. 
OWNED  BY  W.  B.  HAYDEN 

with  comparatively  slight  expense  but,  generally  speaking,  it  is 
best  to  start  afresh  and  build  a  shelter  especially  for  the  motor  boat. 
The  simplest  and  least  expensive  shelter  is  one  constructed 
of  canvas  stretched  over  iron  hoops.  Assuming  that  the  owner  has 
already  a  substantial  dock  or  pier  along  his  water  front,  he  has 
nearly  half  of  his  shelter  ready  made.  A  row  of  piles  driven  into 
the  river  bed,  parallel  with  his  pier  and  about  four  feet  more 


BOAT-HOUSE  WITH  LEANTO,  NEAR  ROCKPORT,  ONT.,  CANADA 

92 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 


A  Ce)\'KRhl)  SLIP 


than  the  width  of  the  boat  from  it,  with  a  stout  timber  secured 
along  the  top,  will  give  him  support  for  his  hoops.  A  heavy  pier 
with  cribs  well  weighted  will  offer  greater  resistance  to  ice  pres- 
sure and  other  weather  conditions,  but  will  of  course  be  more 
costly,  as  well  as  more  permanent. 

To  both  piers,  the  iron  hoops  are  secured  in  iron  sockets,  and 
the  canvas  is  stretched  over  them,  making  thus  a  shelter  straddling 


TWO-STORV  BOAT-HOUSE  LOCATED  NEAR  ALEXAXDRLX   KAV. 
N.   Y.     OVVXED   BY   W.   B.  HAYDEN 

93 


GARAGES   AXn    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 


ELABORATE  GARAGE  LOCATED  NEAR  ALEXAXURLV  BAY,  X.  V. 
OWNED  BY  GEORGE  R.  BOLDT 

the  slip  between  the  piers.  The  hoops  should  be  long  enough  to 
furnish  sufficient  head  room  so  that  occupants  may  get  in  and 
out  of  the  boat  without  bumping  their  heads.  A  sufficient  width 
of  the  platform  over  the  pier  should  also  be  enclosed  within  the 
canvas  covering  to  afford  a  landing  platform. 

This  method  of  constructing  a  shelter,  since  it  is  intended 
for  the  summer  months  only,  and  must  be  taken  down  and  put 
away  during  the  winter  time,  may  also  be  applied  to  streams  where 
the  rise  and  fall  of  the  tide  makes  a  stationary  boat  house  im- 
practicable.    In  this  case,  the  boat  owner  commonly  anchors  a 


MOTOR-BOAT  GARAGE  LOCATED  NEAR  ALEXANDRLA  BAY,  N  .Y. 
OWNED  BY  A.  R.  PEACOCK 

94 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

float  outside  of  his  pier  and  connects  tlie  two  with  a  sliding  runway. 
If  two  floats  were  firmly  anchored  in  the  position  of  the  two  piers 
above  described,  the  hoops  and  canvas  could  be  attached  to  them 
in  the  same  way.  The  superstructure  and  floats  must  of  course 
be  removed  and  stored  in  winter. 

In  many  cases,  however,  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  tide  is  not 
the  only  hindrance  to  the  construction  of  a  boat  house  along  shore. 
Tidal  streams  have  generally  on  one  side  or  both,  "flats"  which 
become  covered  in  summer  with  a  heavy  growth  of  grass.  Progress 
through  this  with  any  kind  of  motor  is  difficult  if  not  actually 
impossible.  The  only  thing  left  for  those  who  inhabit  the  shores 
of  such  streams  is  to  anchor,  safely  and  securely,  outside  of  the 
flats,  a  buoy  to  which  they  may  tie  their  craft,  and  to  provide  a 
stout  waterproof  covering  for  the  cockpit  and  motor. 

It  is  possible  and  practical  to  apply  the  idea  of  the  hoop  and 
canvas  covering  to  a  structure  of  more  substantial  and  permanent 
character,  and  larger  size.  The  first  cut  on  Page  91  shows  one 
built  after  this  fashion. 

The  second  cut  on  Page  91  shows  a  small  but  verv  satisfactory 
structure  with  tvvo  slips,  and  excellent  dock  facilities. 

A  method  of  reconstructing  an  old  boat  house  to  provide  ac- 
commodation for  the  motor  craft  is  the  ever-useful  lean-to.  The 
second  cut  on  Page  92  is  a  good  illustration  of  what  may  be  done 
by  this  means.  The  pile  construction  is  not  substantial  enough 
for  the  additional  pier  to  support  the  lean-to,  and  a  heavy  crib, 
well  weighted,  should  be  built  and  allowed  to  settle  until  a  steady 
bottom  is  reached.  The  roof  of  the  original  structure  may  be  ex- 
tended to  cover  the  lean-to,  if  this  will  allow  headroom  enough, 
after  which  it  is  a  simple  matter  to  enclose  the  other  side  and  the 
two  ends.  If  the  sides  of  the  slip  are  lined  with  plank  to  a  depth 
of  a  few  feet  below  water  level,  it  will  not  only  improve  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  interior,  but  will  prevent  the  boat  from  catching 
under  the  edges  of  the  floor  in  case  the  water  should  recede  a  foot 
or  two. 

The  first  cut  on  Page  9-^  shows  another  very  simple  form  of 
construction.    It  is  simply  a  cover  built  over  a  slip  in  the  dock. 

If  the  boat  owner  has  not  a  boat  house,  he  is  not  subjected 
to  the  temptation  of  converting  it  into  a  garage,  and  can  begin 
with  a  clear  conscience  to  erect  a  shelter  purposely  for  his  boat, 
which  is  certain  to  prove  more  satisfactory.  A  carefully  planned 
motor  garage  should  contain,  as  well  as  storage  for  the  boat,  a 

95 


GARAGES    AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

repair  shop  in  whjch  it  may  be  overhauled.  It  is  a  good  plan  to 
allow  plenty  of  room  for  dock  space  on  both  sides.  This  not  only 
adds  to  the  appearance  of  the  structure,  but  is  useful  in  pleasant 
weather,  and  when  one  side  is  rendered  useless  by  high  winds  the 
advantage  of  another  on  the  leeward  side  needs  no  explanation. 
The  two  illustrations  of  Page  94  show  houses  built  to  shelter 
boats  with  masts. 


96 


PART  V 

Garage  Equipment  and  Appliances 

THE  buikling  of  a  structure  to  house  the  automobile  is  only 
a  part  of  what  is  required  to  properly  care  for  and  main- 
tain it.  The  equipment  of  a  perfectly  appointed  garage 
requires  many  special  appliances  and  appointments  which 
are  both  necessary  and  great  savers,  both  of  labor  and  time,  whether 
it  be  a  small  garage  for  one  machine  wherein  the  owner  expects 
to  do  his  own  work  and  care  for  his  own  automobile,  or  the  largest 
garage  of  a  public  character  where  many  machines  must  be  taken 
care  of  and  the  owners  wish  to  get  the  greatest  economy  in  service 
and  the  highest  return  on  their  investment  of  capital. 

FIRE  PRECAUTIONS 

If  we  turn  to  the  garage  regulations  of  the  Fire  Department 
of  the  City  of  New  York,  we  will  find  many  rules,  which  are  the 
result  of  common  sense  and  experience,  laid  down  for  the  equip- 
ment and  maintenance  of  a  garage.  Broadly,  the  regulations  cover 
the  housing  of  automobiles  carrying  volatile,  inflammable  liquid, 
the  storage  of  volatile,  inflammable  liquid,  and  the  storage  of  cal- 
cium carbide.  In  safeguarding  the  dangers  involved  in  the  three 
cases  mentioned  above,  the  whole  fabric  of  garage  regulations  has 
been  built  up.  They  are  just  and  sensible,  and  are  approved  by  the 
Board  of  Fire  Underwriters,  and  where  observed  with  care  and 
exactness,  reduce  fire  insurance  premiums  to  a  minimum.  The 
restrictions  put  upon  public  garages  are  necessarily  more  exacting 
than  in  the  case  of  private  garages,  but  the  same  principles  apply 
and  it  is  mainly  a  case  of  quantity  and  not  of  quality. 

The  means  of  fire  prevention  consist  of  the  proper  storage 
and  handling  of  gasoline  and  inflammable  oils  and  materials,  and 
will  be  discussed  more  fully  later.  The  means  of  fire  protection 
in  case  of  an  accidental  blaze  are  the  usual  precautionary  measures 
provided;  alarm  systems,  automatic  sprinklers,  chemical  extin- 
guishers, both  liquid  and  dry,  and  the  provision  of  pails  of  dry 
sand,  which,  while  one  of  the  most  simple,  is  one  of  the  most  ef- 
fective of  extinguishers  for  a  gasoline  blaze. 

97 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 

In  an  addenda  we  have  printed  the  Litest  garage  regulations 
of  the  City  of  New  York  as  a  useful  guide  to  anv  one  who  is  about 
to  build  or  plan  a  garage  no  matter  of  what  character.  The  meth- 
ods of  heating  rc(]uired  are  the  indirect  methods  \\ith  the  heating 
apparatus  secluded  in  separate  rooms  or  vaults,  completelv 
isolated  from  the  storage  space.  For  a  small  garage  heat  may  be 
taken  from  the  house  nearby  where  there  is  a  steam  heating  system. 
F^lectric  lighting  is  required  according  to  New  York  regulations 
and  is  everywhere  advisable.  Where  there  is  electric  lighting  in 
the  house  the  circuit  may  easily  be  extended  to  the  small  garage 
near  by.  For  large  garages  the  regulations  should  be  followed 
carefully  as  to  the  position  of  all  switches  and  outlets  so  that  the 
danger  of  explosion  from  an  accidental  spark  is  minimized.  This 
also  applies  to  power  and  where  electric  motors  for  running  ma- 
chinery or  operating  elevators  are  installed,  it  is  necessary  that 
they  be  enclosed  in  separate  fire  proof  compartments  where  no 
spark  may  accidentally  ignite  gasoline  fumes.  The  laws  concern- 
ing smoking  are  also  definite  and  positive,  and  in  commercial 
garages  it  is  required  that  notices  reading  "No  Smoking"  displayed 
in  large  letters  shall  be  posted  on  each  floor  and  at  all  entrances. 

While  in  the  large  cities,  strict  regulations  are  being  enforced, 
of  which  all  the  large  garage  owners  realize  the  advantage  be- 
cause of  the  reduction  in  insurance  premiums  where  extra  pre- 
cautions are  taken,  throughout  the  country  districts,  especially 
in  the  neighborhood  of  summer  resorts,  like  precautions  are  less 
often  observed,  and  it  is  not  uncommon  to  find  immense  wooden 
barns  constructed  for  the  summer  accommodation  of  automobiles. 
In  every  respect  in  these  buildings,  the  provisions  are  lax  for  fire 
prevention  and  it  is  really  remarkable  that  many  disastrous  fires 
have  not  occurred  with  the  inevitable  destruction  of  large  numbers 
of  valuable  machines.  The  fire  risk  of  frame  garages  of  this 
character  is  not  alone  confined  to  the  building  itself  and  its  con- 
tents, but  as  they  are  usually  located  near  hotels,  the  transmission 
of  embers  by  explosions  and  the  wind  may  readily  jeopardize  the 
hotel  buildings.  In  the  matter  of  fire  protection,  the  conditions  are 
equally  bad,  for  as  a  rule  the  equipment  is  of  the  scantest,  and 
poorest.  Whatever  there  is,  is  provided  by  the  owner,  as  in  re- 
mote country  resorts  there  is  seldom  public  fire  protection.  The 
danger  to  capital  is  large,  and  the  risk  to  life  cannot  be  too  greatly 
emphasized. 

With  the  large  increase  in  the  automobile  interests,  it  cannot 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

be  long  before  the  state  authorities  will  take  into  their  hands  the 
matter  of  fire  regulation  for  protection  in  the  construction  of 
garage  buildings  throughout  the  country  districts  similar  to  the 
regulations  already  promulgated  by  most  of  the  larger  cities. 

The  National  Fire  Protection  Association  has  already  taken 
up  the  matter  of  garage  construction  and  the  committee  report  is 
of  interest.    We  give  it  below. 

"COMMITTEE  report,  F.  E.  Cabot,  chairman,  to  the  Na- 
tional Fire  Protection  Association:  For  the  purposes  of  this  re- 
port garages  shall  be  divided  into  the  following  classes ;  ( i )  Public 
garages;  (2)  private  garages.  Throughout  the  report  the  word 
"automobile"  shall  mean  a  vehicle  designed  to  be  propelled  on  a 
road  by  the  explosion  of  an  inflammable  liquid  or  by  steam  using 
an  inflammable  liquid  as  fuel.  The  definition  of  a  public  garage 
shall  be  a  garage  containing  (i)  cars  used  for  public  livery  pur- 
poses; (2)  for  the  accommodation  of  cars  for  which  storage  is 
paid  when  more  than  three  in  number;  (3)  garages  having  accom- 
modations for  more  than  ten  automobiles.  Public  garages  shall  be 
divided  into  the  following  classes:  (i)  Those  containing  automo- 
biles which  are  the  property  of  one  concern,  used  for  delivery, 
express  or  similar  purposes  not  exceeding  twenty-five  in  number; 
and  (2)  garages  containing  automobiles  for  the  storage  of  which 
a  fee  is  paid  and  garages  used  for  the  storage  of  automobiles,  the 
property  of  one  concern,  more  than  twenty-five  in  number. 

GENERAL  RULES  TO  APPLY  TO  ALL  GARAGES 
"  ( I )  Floors. — All  floors  on  which  automobiles  are  stored  shall 
have  a  surface  which  will  not  absorb  oil  unless  the  floor  is  of  dirt, 
and  such  surface  shall  be  of  non-combustible  material. 

"(2)  Storage  Levels. — No  automobile  shall  be  stored  below 
the  level  of  the  surrounding  land  unless  the  floor  on  which  they 
are  stored  has  openings  not  less  than  three  feet  high  above  the 
grade  of  the  surrounding  land  on  two  or  more  sides  and  has  at 
least  one  exit  directly  to  the  outer  air  or  to  a  stairwav  enclosed  in 
brick,  terra-cotta,  wire  lath  and  plaster  or  reinforced  concrete  with 
standard  fire  doors  on  the  opening. 

"(3)  JFalls. — All  garages,  if  located  within  thirty  feet  of  any 
building  occupied  as  a  public  building,  that  is,  a  State,  city  or 
county  administration  building,  detention  buildings  including  hos- 
pitals, reformatories,  prisons  and  police  stations;  school  buildings, 
assembly  halls,  including  churches,  convention   halls,  exposition 

99 


L,\l RAGES    AXD    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 

buildings,  railroad  depots  or  any  building  containing  an  assembly 
hall  for  a  concourse  of  more  than  one  hundred  pe(jple,  theaters, 
offices,  tenements  or  dwellings  except  the  dwelling  of  the  owner 
of  the  garage,  shall  be  of  brick  and  shall  have  a  clear  space  on 
all  sides  except  the  street  line,  if  of  fireproof  construction,  of  five 
feet.  If  of  brick  walls  with  wooden  flcjors,  eight  feet.  If  of  frame, 
ten  feet;  provided  that  wlicn  such  buildings  are  or  are  to  be  located 
in  a  block  between  street  lines  it  will  be  built  with  dead  brick 
walls  along  the  lot  lines  of  spaces  nearer  than  the  provision  given 
above. 

"(4)  Gnso/iiic  Tanks. — Storage  tanks  for  gasoline  shall  be 
installed  in  accordance  with  the  following  rules: 

"Must  be  located  underground  below  the  level  of  the  lowest 
pipe  used  for  filling  the  tank  or  delivering  the  gasoline  and  pre- 
ferably at  least  ten  feet  from  all  buildings.  If  within  ten  feet  of 
any  building  it  must  be  located  below  the  level  of  the  cellar  or 
basement  unless  a  concrete  wall  is  built  running  at  least  a  foot 
below  the  cellar  bottom  and  two  feet  beyond  each  end  of  the  tank 
between  tank  and  the  building. 

"Must  be  constructed  of  iron  or  steel  plate  securely  riveted 
or  pressed  in  to  form.  Tanks  should  be  galvanized  or  painted  on 
the  outside  with  rust-proof  paint.  Must  be  provided  with  fill  pipe 
and  vent  pipe.  When  the  tank  is  within  ten  feet  of  any  building 
the  vent  pipe  must  rise  above  the  highest  opening  of  any  such 
building.  Must  have  a  disc  of  60  mesh  brass  gauge  wire  gauze 
inserted  and  a  return  bend  or  goose  neck  on  top.  Where  this 
vent  pipe  is  not  required,  the  fill  and  vent  pipes  must  be  so  ar- 
ranged that  the  fill  pipe  cannot  be  opened  without  also  opening 
the  vent  and  must  terminate  in  an  iron  box,  the  cover  of  which 
should  be  practically  fiush  with  the  ground  and  should  be  locked. 

"No  gasoline  shall  be  kept  in  any  garage  except  that  contained 
in  the  reservoirs  of  automobiles  and  in  the  measuring  pumps  used 
for  filling,  provided,  however,  that  there  may  be  not  exceeding 
one  barrel  in  a  portable  tank  of  a  type  listed  by  tlie  National  Board 
of  Fire  Underwriters,  and  also  not  exceeding  two  quarts  for  clean- 
ing purposes  kept  in  and  used  from  a  metal  safety  can. 

"If  the  pump  for  emptying  the  gasoline  storage  tank  is  located 
within  any  building  it  must  be  a  listeT  measuring  pump,  but  when 
used  outside  of  the  garage  and  not  less  than  ten  feet  from  other 
buildings  a  suction  pump  of  the  ordinary  type  may  be  used. 

"No  filling,  emptying  or  opening  of  any  gasoline  reservoir 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

of  anv  automobile  shall  be  done  when  the  same  is  \\  ithiii  tlie  garage 
except  by  daylight  or  incandescent  electric  light  and  no  artificial 
light,  blaze  or  fire  shall  be  allowed  in  the  room  wiiere  and  when 
such  reservoir  is  open. 

"(S)  Wiring. — All  wiring  to  be  in  accordance  with  the  Na- 
tional Electric  Code. 

"(6)  Electrical  Devices. — No  electric  device,  the  operation 
of  which  may  produce  sparis.ing,  shall  be  located  in  any  room  in 
which  the  filling  of  the  gasoline  tanks  on  machines  is  permitted 
except  by  written  permission  of  the  inspection  department  having 
jurisdiction. 

SPECIFIC  RULES 

^''Wooden  Buildings. — Garages  of  frame  construction  shall  be 
located  not  less  than  thirty  feet  from  all  other  buildings  except 
that  garages  containing  not  more  than  two  machines  may  be  less 
than  thirty  feet  from  the  dwelling  of  the  owner.  Such  garages 
shall  not  be  more  than  thirtv  feet  in  height  and  shall  not  have 
shingle  roofs. 

"Public  Garages. — Public  garages,  capable  of  C(Mitaining 
more  than  ten  machines,  if  of  frame  construction,  shall  be  fifty 
feet  from  all  other  buildings.  If  of  brick  walls  with  wooden  floors 
and  roof,  thev  shall  not  be  located  in  the  congested  districts  of 
cities,  and  shall  have  all  openings  protected  with  standard  fire 
doors  or  shutters  or  wire  glass  windows. 

"Fireproofing  Requirements. — All  elevators  and  stairways 
shall  be  enclosed  in  brick  or  reinforced  concrete  walls  with  ap- 
proved fire  doors  on  all  openings. 

"In  buildings  of  fireproof  construction  all  weight  bearing 
metal  shall  be  protected  in  an  approved  manner. 

"In  buildings  of  other  than  fireproof  construction,  all  weight 
bearing  metal  shall  be  properly  protected  against  damage  bv  fire 
by  brick,  terra-cotta  or  reinforced  concrete  having  a  minimum 
thickness  of  two  inches. 

"In  such  buildings  all  elevator  and  stair  wells,  light  and 
vent  shafts  shall  be  enclosed  in  brick,  terra-cotta,  reinforced  con- 
crete or  expanded  metal  plastered  with  hard  plaster." 

HEATING  AND  VENTILATION 

The  heating  and  ventilation  of  a  garage  are  points  that  must 
be  considered  alike  in  the  smallest  and  most  modest  building  for 
a  single  machine,  and  in  the  great  commercial  buildings  that  house 

lOI 


GARAGES   AND   MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

manv.  Careless  methods  in  cither  case  court  tiisaster.  Tlie  small 
building  naturally  commands  our  first  attention  and  is  most  inter- 
esting to  manv.  The  only  absolute  re(]uiremcnt  for  heatins^  is 
that  the  temperature  shall  never  get  so  low  as  to  freeze  the  water 
in  the  pipes  and  tanks  of  a  gasoline  car,  or  that  in  the  boiler  of  a 
steam  car.  Of  course,  it  will  occur  to  the  reader  that  it  is  possible 
to  use  a  non-freezing  solution  in  pipes  and  radiator  of  the  auto- 
mobile which  may  be  accomplished  by  the  addition  of  glycerine, 
common  salt  or  other  chlorides  according  to  many  formula?.  How- 
ever, while  this  may  do  in  an  extremity,  an  unlieated  building  al- 
ways possesses  a  disadvantage,  for  working  about  cold  machinery 
in  w'inter  weather  is  not  comfortable,  and  some  provision  for  heat- 
ing enters  the  mind  of  every  garage  owner.  To  provide  heat  for  a 
small  garage  is  a  more  troublesome  matter  to  the  individual  owner 
tlian  the  heating  of  a  large  commercial  building.  Direct  heating 
by  gas  or  oil  stoves  within  the  structure  is  out  of  the  question  as 
the  risk  is  far  too  great.  All  these  direct  heaters  to  be  efficient 
must  be  located  near  the  floor,  and  this  is  the  particular  point 
where  the  greatest  danger  occurs  as  the  gasoline  fumes  are  naturally 
heavier  than  air  and  accumulate  mostly  at  the  lowest  level.  Some 
arrangement  must  be  made  to  place  the  fire  where  inflammable 
vapors  cannot  come  in  contact  with  it.  This  may  be  accomplished 
by  placing  the  heating  apparatus  within  a  completely  isolated  com- 
partment in  the  main  building  or  else  in  an  outside  or  adjoining 
building  which  is  not  entered  from  the  main  building — by  far  the 
better  plan.  For  a  small  garage  a  lean-to  may  be  built  to  contain 
the  stove  which  may  be  of  any  type  according  to  the  choice  of  the 
owner.  The  stove  should  be  most  properly  placed  in  a  metal 
sheathed  compartment  so  that  if  hot  air  heating  is  used,  the  heated 
air  does  not  come  in  direct  contact  with  the  fire.  If  hot  water  or 
steam  is  used  as  a  medium,  complete  isolation  of  the  fire  room 
from  the  main  building  is  equally  necessary,  but  more  easily  ac- 
complished. 

For  heating  large  garages,  steam  or  hot  water  systems,  with 
the  heating  apparatus  in  separate  or  adjoining  but  completely 
isolated  buildings,  are  to  be  recommended.  \Miere  the  heating 
apparatus  must  be  included  within  the  same  building  which  is 
the  case  in  city  structures,  the  laws  provide  for  tiic  placing  of  the 
heating  apparatus  in  isolated  vaults  which  are  entered  from  the 
outside  of  the  building  and  have  no  connection  with  the  interior 
whatever. 


GARAGES   AXD    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 

In  the  matter  of  ventilation,  a  garage  must  be  ventilated  from 
the  bottom  for,  as  before  mentioned,  the  gasoline  vapors  are  heavier 
than  air  and  naturally  settle  to  the  floor.  Venting  a  garage  from 
top  openings  will  naturally  draw  ofif  foul  air,  but  will  not  remove 
gasoline  fumes.  A  simple  method  of  ventilation  for  a  small  garage 
is  to  install  an  ordinary  stove  pipe,  opening  near  the  floor  and 
venting  at  the  roof.  If  this  pipe  is  heated  part  way  up  the  wall 
by  contact  with  a  radiator  or  by  passing  before  a  register,  the 
natural  expansion  of  the  air  within  will  cause  a  circulation  and 
produce  the  desired  ventilation.  If  this  is  not  feasible,  the  pipe 
may  be  brought  out  through  the  side  and  jacketed  by  the  smoke 
pipe  from  the  heater  in  the  adjoining  building;  the  air  within  it 
will  thus  be  sufficiently  heated  to  cause  a  draft  and  draw  the  vapors 
up  through  it  from  the  floor.  This  method  is  obviously  attended 
with  more  risk  than  the  first  scheme.  A  mere  opening  at  the  floor 
level  would  not  accomplish  the  result  of  ventilating  the  building, 
as  the  draft  would  naturally  be  in  and  not  out,  and  would  only 
result  in  diffusing  the  gasoline  vapors. 

In  large  garages,  methods  of  forced  ventilation  may  be 
adopted  with  success  to  clear  cellars  and  floors.  A  word  of  warn- 
ing is  not  inappropriate  here  as  to  placing  heating  apparatus  or 
forges,  etc.,  in  open  basements,  as  here  is  the  point  where  the 
greatest  amount  of  dangerous  fumes  are  apt  to  accumulate  and 
is  naturallv  the  most  dangerous  point  for  fire. 

TURNTABLES 

The  appliances  for  working  in  a  garage  are  many  and  the 
most  important  of  these  are  various  devices  for  handling  and  work- 
ing on  the  cars  as  a  whole.  Turntables  of  several  types  are  manu- 
factured which  turn  flush  with  the  floor  and  are  built  into  pits. 
Still  other  types  are  obtainable  which  may  be  installed  on  a  flat 
floor  and  give  satisfactory  results.  The  turntable,  however,  is  a 
device  which  pertains  more  to  the  large  garage,  and  is  an  expen- 
sive installation  for  the  private  owner.  For  handling  machines 
in  a  garage  which  will  house  from  two  to  five  automobiles,  roller 
devices  are  manufactured  which  may  be  slipped  under  the  wheels 
of  a  car,  and  acting  as  castors,  make  possible  easy  moving  and  short 
turning  of  the  machine. 

The  Automobile  and  Accessories  Manufacturing  Company 
of  Baltimore,  Aid.,  manufacture  permanent  turn-tables  and  also 
the   ''Norwood"   castor.      Together   with    this    they   have    lately 

103 


GARAGES   AXD    MOTOR   BOAT    HOUSES 

brouglit  out  a  two-ton  jack  whicli  fits  on  tlic  top  ol  the  castor. 
This  is  a  very  handy  device  in  the  shop  and  garage,  and  one  tliat 
will  prevent  much  damage  in  handling  automobiles,  especially  in 
shipping  niaciiines  and  moving  them  in  and  out  of  cars  and 
buildings. 

REPAIR  PITS,  STATIONARY  AND  PORTABLE  HOISTS 

Next  in  importance,  the  repair  pit  and  other  appliances  for 
working  under  the  automobile  come  into  consideration.  Repair 
pits  should  always  be  built  and  lined  with  concrete  and  preferably 
coated  with  impervious  cement  within.  Furthermore,  it  is  ad- 
visable to  provide  them  witii  suitable  drains,  ^^'aste  drippings  of 
gasoline,  etc.,  collect  through  carelessness  in  the  repair  pit  and 
may  readily  lead  to  destructive  fires,  and  if  the  repair  pit  is  built 
and  lined  with  wood,  the  danger  is  many  times  multiplied,  ^^'here 
it  is  not  convenient  to  build  a  repair  pit,  a  handy  substitute  is  to 
build  a  platform,  30  inches  or  so  above  the  floor,  of  heavy  planks 
a  foot  or  more  wide  and  guarded  at  the  sides,  on  to  which  the  car 
may  be  run  with  inclined  planks.  This  arrangement  makes  it 
possible  to  work  below  a  car,  and  when  not  in  use  such  a  support- 
ing platform  may  be  set  aside  out  of  the  way.  Some  of  the  garages 
previouslv  described  in  this  book  are  provided  with  tackle  hoists 
by  which  the  front  or  rear  of  a  machine  may  be  raised  off  the  floor 
and  thus  afiford  access  to  its  under  side.  Still  others  have  been  pro- 
vided with  crane  hoists  which  run  on  travelers  so  that  heavy  por- 
tions of  the  machine  such  as  the  engine  may  be  lifted  out  and  set 
one  side.  All  such  appliances  are  convenient.  A  portable  hoist 
is  on  the  market  which  consists  of  a  moveable  base  with  an  over- 
reaching; crane  arm  carrving  a  tackle  bv  which  an  automobile  mav 
be  lifted,  front  or  rear.    This  is  a  convenient  and  useful  device. 

A  jack  for  lifting  an  automobile  is  usually  supplied  with  the 
equipment  of  the  machine.  The  variety  of  styles  in  which  these 
jacks  are  manufactured  is  almost  unlimited,  but  they  are  mostly 
of  the  double  acting  ratchet  type  which  has  suflicient  strength  to 
lift  any  type  of  automobile.  A  substantial  jack  is  a  convenient  ap- 
purtenance in  the  garage  and  a  light,  portable  jack  is  a  necessity 
in  the  road  repair  kit  of  an  automobile.  In  some  types,  the  handle 
is  removable  and  is  shaped  to  form  a  handy  tire  tool. 

The  Lane  Brothers  Company  of  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y.,  manu- 
facture jacks  of  various  types  which  are  suitable  for  automobile 
use.     They  also  manufacture  door  hangers  which  are  inevitably 

104 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 

necessary  on  the  large  sliding  doors  of  all  garages.  The  types  they 
manufacture  are  easy  running  and  adaptable  to  varied  con- 
structions. 

FLOORS 

The  floor  of  garages  should  always,  both  for  convenience  and 
for  safety,  be  concreted  and  surfaced  with  cement  or  other  im- 
pervious composition  of  which  there  are  several  types  in  the 
market,  to  make  them  as  impervious  as  possible.  The  floor  should 
be  graded  to  a  low  level  for  drainage  and  in  large  garages  special 
places  should  be  provided  for  washing  and  cleaning.  Where  the 
drainage  from  a  garage  enters  into  the  city  sewers,  oil  traps  should 
be  placed  in  the  sewer  line  to  collect  oil  and  waste  and  prevent 
danger  of  explosions  in  the  sewers.  In  many  cities  such  oil  traps 
are  required  bv  law. 

WASHING  AND  CLEANING  DEVICES 

Devices  for  the  washing  and  cleaning  of  automobiles  are  pro- 
curable such  as  rotating,  swinging  arms  at  the  ceiling  with  hose 
connection  by  means  of  which  a  machine  can  be  easily  cleaned. 
Many  types  of  nozzle  with  sponge  washers  are  obtainable  in  the 
market.  The  washer  arms  as  a  rule  are  provided  with  electric 
light  attachments  which  move  with  them. 

LIGHT  ATTACHMENTS 

Portable  electric  light  attachments  for  working  about  auto- 
mobiles are  also  a  great  convenience.  The  ordinary  lamp  on  the 
end  of  a  flexible  cord  is  useful,  but  standards  with  long  flexible 
arms  are  also  obtainable  which  make  possible  the  convenient  plac- 
ing of  a  lamp  near  the  working  point.  The  bulb  should  always 
be  protected  by  a  wire  cage  in  all  portable  lighting  attachments 
to  prevent  accidental  breakage. 

WORK  BENCHES  AND  TOOL  CABINETS 

An  important  feature  of  garage  equipment  is  a  substantial 
work  bench,  and  a  great  convenience  accompanying  this  is  a  good 
tool  cabinet.  A  substantial  bench  and  a  kit  of  ordinary  tools  are 
generally  sufficient  for  the  private  garage  where  the  owner  expects 
to  do  light  repair  work  on  his  own  machine.     In  larger  private 

103 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 


garages  where  the  owner  employs  a  mechanic  it  is  often  practical 
to  install  a  lathe,  drill  press  and  in  an  outside  compartment,  a 
forge,  but  sucii  equipment  is  usually  unnecessary  as  it  is  cheaper 
to  have  heavy  repairs  done  at  the  automobile  factory.  In  public 
garages,  the  repair  department  is  an  important  and  lucrative  por- 
tion of  the  equipment  and  the  machine  shop  is  elaborate  and  well 
equipped,  containing  all  appliances  for  machine  work,  welding 
and  repair  on  the  engine  and  the  chassis  of  the  car.  Moreover,  it 
is  not  unusual  to  find  a  shop  for  the  v\fagon  maker  and  space  for 
painting  and  varnishing  the  bodies  of  cars.  Besides  this  the  equip- 
ment for  tire  repairs  is  an  important  item. 

TIRE  INFLATION  PUMPS 

No  more  laborious  occupation  is  to  be  found  than  the  hand 
pumping  of  tires  on  an  automobile,  and  many  are  the  devices 
which  have  been  invented  and  marketed  to  avoid  the  unpleasant 
process  of  pumping  tires.  The  outfits 
manufactured  by  The  Gardner  Governor 
Company  of  Quincey,  111.,  are  simple  and 
serviceable.  Such  appliances  are  an  abso- 
lute necessity  in  the  commercial  garage,  and 
may  not  be  considered  a  luxury  for  the  man 
who  has  a  private  garage  containing  more 
than  one  machine.  A  compact  form  of  the 
pumping  apparatus  is  shown  in  the  accom- 
panying cut.  This  consists  of  a  motor- 
driven  air  compressor  and  compressed  air 
reservoir,  all  combined  in  the  same  stand. 

The  small  space  occupied  and  the  advantage  of  always  having 
compressed  air  on  tap  from  which  tires  may  be  inflated  to  a 
uniform  and  even  pressure,  increases  the  economy  of  the  tires  and 
adds  enormouslv  to  the  satisfaction  of  an  automobile  owner. 

LOCKERS 

In  the  private  garage  good  closet  space  is  never  regretted 
by  the  owner  for  there  is  always  much  more  to  take  care  of  than 
is  originally  anticipated.  Robe  racks  and  closets  for  hanging 
motor  apparel  are  always  useful.  Usually  an  owner  will  not  make 
a  mistake  in  putting  in  the  best,  and  in  this  respect  good  metal 
lockers  are  by  far  the  most  economical  of  room,  the  most  easily 
cleaned  and  the  least  destructible.    In  public  garages  where  owners 

1 06 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

hire  space  for  their  cars,  the  usual  aHowance  is  two  large  lockers 
with  each  car  stored,  and  the  locker  rooms  with  their  accompany- 
ing toilet  rooms  and  dressing  rooms,  in  the  large  garages,  are  an 
important  item  in  the  architect's  plan  and  affording  space  for  them 
is  a  matter  of  careful  study  to  maintain  the  economy  of  the  building. 

SYSTEMS  OF  GASOLINE  STORAGE 

The  storage  of  gasoline  is  the  most  important  item  of  any  in 
the  equipment  of  the  garage.  Proper  storage  of  this  fluid  is  ab- 
solutely necessary,  both  from  the  stand-point  of  economy  and  from 
the  danger  of  explosion.  There  are  a  variety  of  systems  on  the 
market,  operating  on  several  different  principles,  but  we  shall  en- 
deavor to  describe  here  only  a  few  equipments. 

Among  the  best  of  the  systems  for  gasoline  storage  are  the 
varied  types  manufactured  by  S.  F.  Bowser  &  Company,  Inc. 
We  shall  describe  a  few  of  their  equipments. 

First,  for  the  storage  of  gasoline  a  proper  tank  is  necessary. 
The  Bowser  tanks  are  made  of  galvanized  steel,  carefullv  riveted, 
with  soldered  seams  and  finished  with  three  coats  of  asphaltum, 
making  the  tank  rust-proof,  so  that  when  buried  in  the  ground 
it  is  fully  protected.  Underground  storage  preserves  the  efficiency 
of  the  gasoline  by  keeping  it  at  an  even  temperature  and  preventing 
evaporation.  The  tank  may  be  placed  as  far  from  the  garage  as 
desired,  and  absolutely  protects  the  owner  from  danger  of  a  tank 
explosion.  The  filler  pipe  to  the  Bowser  tank  consists  of  a  heavy 
outer  pipe  with  an  inner  filling  tube  which  extends  to  the  bottom 
of  the  tank,  and  which  is  fitted  with  a  fine  screen  to  strain  the 
gasoline.  The  top  of  this  filler  pipe  is  fitted  with  a  patent  filler 
pipe  cap  with  an  automatic  ball  valve  air  vent.  This  valve  pre- 
vents vacuum  in  the  tank  when  the  gasoline  is  being  drawn  and 
seals  the  tank  when  the  pump  is  inactive.  It  possesses  a  locking 
device  so  that  the  opening  may  be  closed  securely.  To  measure  the 
amount  of  gasoline  in  the  tank  a  gauge  stick  is  used. 

Usually  in  cities  it  is  necessary  to  vent  the  gasoline  tanks  above 
the  roofs,  and  in  this  case  a  special  vent  pipe  must  be  extended 
from  the  tank  to  the  roof  of  the  garage.  The  vent  pipe  terminates 
in  an  air  vent  protector  of  "T"  shape,  the  openings  of  which  are 
protected  with  double  wire  gauge  fire  screens.  Tanks  may 
be  made  of  any  desired  capacity  and  of  thicknesses  to  meet  the 
regulations  which  are  in  effect  in  various  parts  of  the  country. 
Pump  devices  within  the  garage  building  to  be  used  in  connection 


10- 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

with  the  storage  tanks  without  the  building  arc  of  two  general 
patterns — measuring  pumps  and  non-measuring  pumps. 

The  Bowser  measuring  pump  will  discharge  an  accurate  gal- 
lon, half-gallon,  quart  or  pint  at  a  stroke  as  desired.  It  is  a  neces- 
sary appliance  in  all  commercial  garages  and  a  useful  one  in  the 
private  garage.  The  pumps  are  built  entirely  of  metal  with  cylin- 
der, plunger  rod,  stuffing  box,  etc.,  made  of  brass.  Thev  are  ex- 
tremely well  made  as  is  necessary  for  such  an  appliance.  Tiiey 
have  a  discharge  register  which  automatically  tallies  the  number 
of  gallons  pumped  and  a  locking  device  which  prevents  waste  or 
use  of  gasoline  by  persons  not  in  possession  of  the  key.  One  of  the 
other  types  of  pump  used  is  the  non-registering  pump,  which  is 
double  acting  and  gives  a  continuous  flow  of  gasoline.  It  is  as  well 
made  and  possesses  all  the  advantages  of  the  other  tvpes  with  the 
exception  of  the  registering  device.  Special  anti-drip  filling 
nozzles  are  provided  and  besides  the  stationary  nozzle  at  the 
pump,  a  gasoline  hose  with  connecting  nozzle,  which  makes  it 
possible  to  pump  directly  into  the  tank  on  the  car,  may  be  pro- 
cured. The  Bowser  centrifugal  filter  is  a  useful  device  which 
thoroughly  filters  the  gasoline  as  fast  as  it  is  pumped  before  it  goes 
into  a  car.  All  water  or  other  impurities  which  may  be  in  the 
gasoline,  are  eliminated  without  straining  it  by  any  method. 

Another  type  of  Bowser  storage  tank  which  is  more  adap- 
table for  suburban  or  country  service,  and  for  persons  pos- 
sessing country  homes,  is  the  storage  tank  which  is  buried  in  the 
ground  with  pump  connection  directly  above  it.  The  tank  and 
filling  pipe  need  no  further  description,  but  the  pumping  outfit 
may  be  further  described.  One  pattern  consists  of  both  filling  and 
suction  pipe  extending  above  the  surface  of  the  ground  with  cov- 
ering caps.  The  pump,  being  detachable,  may  be  put  on  only 
W'hen  the  gasoline  is  needed.  It  discharges  on  the  down  stroke 
and  is  so  arranged  that  the  gasoline  may  be  discharged  out  of 
the  hose  and  cylinder  by  simply  returning  the  plunger  to  the  bot- 
tom of  the  pump  cylinder. 

A  low-priced  "long  distance"  outfit,  which  should  be  popular 
with  private  motorists  because  of  its  convenience,  safety  and 
economy,  is  known  as  the  "Pony"  outfit.  This  has  a  well  built, 
simple  pump  working  with  an  up-and-down  stroke,  and  for  a 
small  garage  is  as  efficient  and  useful  as  many  more  expensive 
equipments. 

These  four  outfits  which  we  have  illustrated  here  are  avail- 

io8 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


'11 


^    ^=  % 


^f 


eff* 


ROLL   TOP    LL'CKICATINC    OIL   CABINET 


LONG    DISTANCE    GASOLINE    STORAGE    SYSTEM 
WITH    MEASURING   PUMP 


LONG    DISTANCE    GASOLINE    STORAGE    SYSTEM 
WITH   NON-MEASURING   PUMP 


CASOLINE    STORAGE  OUTFIT   WITH    DETACHABLE 
PUMP 


PONY       LONG    DISTANCE    OUTFIT 


SOME  OF  THE  VARIOUS  TYPES  OF  BOWSER  STORAGE  OUTFITS 

109 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR   BOAT   HOUSES 

able  for  practically  every  class  of  gasoline  storage  and  they  sliould 
meet  the  needs  of  most  owners. 

For  the  use  of  motor  boat  garages,  the  tank  type  first  described 
with  a  measuring  pump  is  to  be  recommended.  However,  the 
cabinet  outfit  which  may  be  set  up  on  the  fioor  of  the  boat  house 
with  the  pump  above  it  may  in  some  cases  be  most  desirable. 

The  storage  of  lubricating  oils  may  best  be  provided  for  by 
means  of  lubricating  oil  cabinets,  ^^'here  more  than  one  grade  of 
lubricating  oil  is  required,  several  tanks  and  pumps  may  be  com- 
bined within  one  cabinet  to  advantage.  This  may  be  the  case 
especially  in  the  commercial  garages. 

Bowser  systems  of  storage  are  installed  in  many  of  the  garages 
illustrated  in  the  earlier  parts  of  this  work,  in  both  the  private 
and  commercial  buildings,  in  the  descriptions  of  whicli  the  Bowser 
system  is  referred  to. 

A  system  of  gasoline  storage  differing  entirely  from  the  one 
above  mentioned  is  known  as  the  Hydraulic  System  of  gasoline 
storage  and  is  manufactured  by  the  Hydraulic  Oil  Storage  Com- 
pany. The  principle  upon  which  the  system  works  is  that 
gasoline  is  naturally  lighter  than  water  and  will  float  upon  its 
surface,  and  the  system  is  operated  by  the  difference  in  the  specific 
gravities  of  the  two  liquids.  To  draw  gasoline  no  pump  is  neces- 
sary. When  the  water  valve  is  opened  the  gasoline  naturally  flows 
until  shut  off,  being  forced  up  by  the  weight  of  the  water  ad- 
mitted from  a  tank  supply  similar  to  the  flush  tank  used  on  sanitary 
appliances.  The  system  is  an  efficient  one,  giving  economy  in  the 
use  of  gasoline  and  preventing  evaporation. 

Another  advantage  of  the  system  is  that  the  gasoline  is  never 
exposed  to  the  air,  and  that  the  tank  is  always  full.  The  feed  is 
from  the  top  of  the  tank  and  all  sediment  or  dirt  that  is  in  the 
gasoline  naturally  settles  to  the  bottom  of  the  tank  and  into  the 
water.  No  vent  pipe  is  necessary  on  the  system  as  there  are  no 
gases  to  escape.  There  is  no  gasoline  valve  on  the  system  as  the 
flow  is  controlled  by  the  water  valve;  admitting  more  water 
causes  the  gasoline  to  flow.  The  storage  tank  can  be  located  either 
within  or  without  the  building  as  desired.  The  system  is  supplied 
with  a  gauge  which  shows  the  quantity  of  gasoline  in  the  storage 
tank  at  all  times.  This  system  was  used  in  the  Taxi  Cab  Company 
garage,  New  York  City,  which  is  illustrated  in  the  Fourth  Part 
of  this  book. 


The  City  of  New  York  Garage  Regulations 


Resolution  adopted  at  a  meetiii}:;  of  the  Municipal  Explosives  Commission  held 
at  the  Headquarters  of  the  Fire  Department,  City  of  New  York,  December  20th, 
1905,  amending  the  regulations  of  the  Municipal  Explosives  Commission,  and  estab- 
lishing Garage  Regulations  for  the  City  of  New  York. 

Resolved,  that  sections  thirty-eight,  thirty-nine,  forty,  and  forty-one  of  part 
seven  of  the  Regulations  of  the  Miuiicipal  Explosives  Commission  be  and  are  hereby 
repealed;  and  be  it  further  resolved  that  the  Regulations  of  the  Municipal  Ex- 
plosives Commission  be  and  are  hereby  amended  by  adding  new  part  number  ten, 
to  be  known  as  the  Garage  Regulations  of  the  City  of  New  ^'ork,  and  to  read 
as  follows : 


PART  X 


GARAGE  REGULATIONS. 
Sec.  I.     Title. 

These  Regulations  shall  be  known 
as  the  Garage  Regulations  of  the  City 
of  New  York. 

Approved  December  28,   1905. 
Sec.  2.     Definitions. 

Certain  words  used  in  these  regu- 
lations are  defined  for  the  purpose 
thereof  as  follows : 

1.  "Approved"  means  approved  by  the 

Fire  Commissioner; 

2.  A  "Volatile  inflammable  liquid"  is 

any  liquid  that  will  emit  an  in- 
flammable vapor  at  a  temperature 
below  100°  F.  when  tested  in — 

a.  The  open  air,  or — 

b.  The    closed    pyrometer    of    Gui- 

seppe  Tagliabue ; 

3.  An   "Automobile"   is  any  self-pro- 

pelling vehicle; 

4.  A  "Garage"  is— 

a.  That   portion    of   a   building   in 

which  any  automobile  carrying 
volatile  inflammable  liquid  is 
kept,  whether  said  automobile 
be  kept  for  use,  for  sale,  for 
rental,  for  exhibition,  or  for 
demonstrating  purposes,  and — 

b.  All    that  portion   of   a  building 


that  is  on  or  below  the  floor  or 
floors  on  which  an  automobile 
carrying  a  volatile  inflammable 
liquid  is  kept,  and  is  not  sepa- 
rated therefrom  by  tight,  un- 
pierced  fire-walls  and  floors. 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  3.     Authority  for  These  Reg- 
ulations. 
These    regulations    are    established 
under   authority  of   two   separate  or- 
dinances adopted  by  the  Board  of  Al- 
dermen May  13,  1902,  and  approved 
by  the  Mayor  May  19,  1902,  each  en- 
titled "An  ordinance  to  regulate  the 
sale,  use,  and  transportation  of  explo- 
sives in  the  City  of  New  "York." 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  4.     Prohibitions. 

An   automobile  carrying  a  volatile 
inflammable  liquid  shall  not  be  placed 
in  a  building  that  has  not  been  licensed 
as  a  garage  by  the  Fire  Commissioner. 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  5.     Violation,  a  Misdemeanor. 
Section  389  of  the  Penal  Code  pro- 
vides that  "A  person  who   makes  or 
keeps   gunpowder,    nitro-glycerine,   or 
any    other    explosive    or    combustible 
material,  within  a  city  or  village,  or 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


carries  such  mati-rial  through  the 
streets  thereof,  in  a  quantity  or  man- 
ner prohibited  bj-  law  or  by  ordinance 
of  the  city  or  village,  is  guilty  of  a 
misdemeanor." 

Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  6.     Licenses. 
Licenses  shall — 

1.  Be  issued — 

/I.  By  the  Fire  Commissioner, 

b.  Subject   to   all    the  conditions 

of  these  regulations,  and 
such  further  restrictions  as 
the  Fire  Commissioner  may 
deem  necessary. 

c.  For  the  term  during  which  all 

the  conditions  and  restric- 
tions are  strictly  observed, 
for  the  period  of  one  year; 

2.  Terminate   immediately  on    any 

violation  of  these  regulations 
or  the  restrictions  imposed  by 
the  Fire  Commissioner; 

3.  Be  revoked  by  the  Fire  Commis- 

sioner should  he  deem  that  the 
interest  of  public  safety  so  de- 
mands; 

4.  Not  to  be  issued  for  a  building — 
a.  Occupied    in    any    part    as    a 

dwelling,  an  hospital,  a 
theatre,  a  church,  a  school, 
or  as  a  boarding,  lodging,  or 
tenement  house, — the  only 
exception  to  this  provision  is 
that  a  license  may  be 
granted  for  a  private  garage 
in  a  building  occupied  in 
part  as  a  dwelling  by  the 
family  of  an  owner,  a  lessee, 
or  an  employee ;  but  in  case 
the  said  building  in  which 
the  private  garage  is  to  be 
located  is  of  fireproof  con- 
struction throughout,  and 
the  living  apartments  are 
separated  from  the  garage  by 
unpierced  fireproof  walls  and 
floors,  the  same  may  be  oc- 


cupied by  two  families,  each 
of  which  shall  be  the  family 
of  an  owner,  a  lessee  or  an 
employee  of  the  licensee. 
Approved  September  19,  1907. 

l>.  Where,  at  any  one  time,  more 
than  ten  people  congregate 
in  a  portion  of  the  building 
that  is  outside  of  the  garage 
and  is  not  separated  there- 
from by  unpierced,  approved 
fire-walls  and  floors; 

c.  Where  all  sewer  connections 
from  washstands  and  sinks 
are  not  provided  with  an  ap- 
proved oil  trap  with  a  glass 
gauge  pipe  and  a  draw  off 
cock,  in  a  readily  accessible 
place. 

5.  Not    authorize    the    keeping    of 

more  than — 

a.  Ten  gallons  of  volatile  inflam- 

mable liquid  in  approved 
safety   cans, 

b.  Thirteen  hundred  and  seventy- 

five  gallons  (25  bbls.)  of 
volatile  inflammable  liquid  in 
underground   storage    tanks, 

c.  One     hundred      and      twenty 

pounds  of  calcium  carbide  in 
air-tight  containers; 

6.  Be  issued  for  a  garage  at  an  an- 

nual   fee    of   ten    dollars,    and 
may  authorize — 

a.  The  keeping  of — 

(i)  Automobiles  carrying  vol- 
atile inflammable  liquid, 

(2)  Volatile    inflammable   liq- 

uid, 

(3)  Calcium  carbide; 

b.  The  sale  of — 

(l)  Volatile  infl.immable  liq- 
uid for  filling  the  tanks 
of  automobiles  by  trans- 
ferring such  liquid  from 
the  underground  storage 
tanks  into  the  tanks  of 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


automobiles     on     the 
premises  of  the  garage, 
(2)    Calcium  carbide; 
7.   Be  issued  for  a  private  garage  at 
an  annual   fee  of   two  tioUars 
and — 
a.  May    authorize    the    keeping 
of— 

( 1 )  Automobiles  carrying  vol- 

atile inflammable  liquid, 
provided  that  all  such 
vehicles  are  used  for  the 
licensee's  individual  use, 
and  are  neither  rented 
out  nor  used  to  carry 
passengers  for  hire, 

(2)  Volatile   inflammable   liq- 

uid for  use  in  such  auto- 
mobiles, 

(3)  Calcium    carbide    for    use 

in  such  automobiles. 
b.   Shall   not    authorize    the   sale 
of— 

(1)  Volatile    inflammable    liq- 

uid, 

(2)  Calcium  carbide. 
Approved  July  20,  igob. 

Sec.  7.     Safety  Cans. 

Approved    safety    cans    for    storing 
volatile  inflammable  liquids  in  a  gar- 
age shall  be  of  a  capacity  of  five  gal- 
lons or  less,  and  when  not  in  use  shall 
sit    in    drip    pans,    either    in    a    pump 
house  or  in  an  approved  closet. 
ti.  Portable    filling    tanks    for    trans- 
porting volatile   inflammable  liq- 
uids from  the  storage  tank  to  the 
automobile    may    be    used    under 
the  following  conditions : 

1.  Application  must  be  made  to  the 

Fire  Commissioner  for  a  spe- 
cial permit  in  the  case  of  each 
tank  to  be  used. 

2.  The  tank  must  be  kept  only  in 

the  pump  house  or  in  a  storage 
closet  of  approved  construction 
when  not  in  actual  use. 
1.  The  construction  of  the  tank  and 


its   carriage   must   conform   to 
the  following  specifications  and 
must   otherwise   meet   the   ap- 
proval  of    the    Fire    Commis- 
sioner. 
4.  Specifications — The    tank    shall, 
if     cylindrical,     have    concave 
heads,   the   body   J/g-'ich   mild 
steel,  the  heads  of  the  same  ma- 
terial, 3-16-inch  thick;  if  rec- 
tangular    the    tank    shall    be 
made   of   3-16-inch    mild   steel 
throughout.    All  joints  shall  be 
riveted    and    caulked    and    all 
pipe  connections  shall  be  rein- 
forced.    The  capacity   of   the 
tank  shall   not  exceed  50  gal- 
lons.    The  tank  shall  be  car- 
ried   on   a   strong   iron    frame, 
firmly  attached  to  it  and  pro- 
vided with  rubber  tired  wheels. 
The   tank  shall  be   discharged 
by    pumping   and    not    by    air 
pressure,   and   the  outlet   shall 
be  free  from  leakage  when  the 
pump    is     not    working.       No 
hose  attached  to  the  tank  shall 
be    more    than    eight    feet    in 
length.     All   hose  connections 
shall  be  Keystone  brass  unions. 
Approved  July  2,  1907. 
Sec.  8.     Safety  Can  Closets. 

Closets    for    storing    garage    safety 
cans  shall — 

1.  Not  be  larger  than  required  for  the 

purpose ; 

2.  Be  lined  inside  and  covered  outside 

w  itii  sheet  tin  applied  with   lock 
joints  and  blind  nailed  ; 

3.  Be  ventilated  to  the  outer  air; 

4.  Be  in  an  exposed  location. 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 

Sec.  9.     Delivery  of  Vol.atile    In- 
flammable Liquid. 
The  delivery  of  volatile  inflamma- 
ble liquid  to  a  garage  shall  be  made 
in  daylight  only  and  shall  be  made — 
I.   In  barrels  or  safety  cans,  or — 


113 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


2.   From  a  hancl   wa^'oii. 

Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  10.     Delivery    in    JIarrei.s    or 
Safety  Cans. 
The  barrels  or  safety  cans  in  vvliich 
volatile  inllammable  liquid  is  delivered 
to  a  garage  shall  immediately  be — 

1.  Placed    alongside    intake   of   filling 

pipe, 

2.  Emptied   into  tank  by   means  of   a 

pump  or  siphon,  and — 

3.  Removed  from  the  premises  forth- 

with. 
Approved  December  28,  11)05. 
Sec.  II.     Delivery     from     Harrei.- 
Wagons. 
Harrel-vvagons     delivering     volatile 
inflammable  liquid  to  a  garage — 

1.  Shall  be  provided  with  a  metallic 

hose  and  an  automatic  siuit-off 
valve  at  hose  coupling  to  barrels 
on  wagon ; 

2.  Shall  not  enter  the  building; 

3.  Shall   couple    hose    to    filling    pipe 

connection  outside  of  building. 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  12.     Storage  Tanks. 
Storage  tanks  shall — 

1.  Not  be   installed   until   application 

with  plans  and  specifications 
showing  full  details  of  location 
and  construction  of  tank  and  all 
connections,  has  been  approved  by 
the  Fire  Commissioner ; 

2.  Not  be  placed — 

a.  Under  a  sidewalk  or  in  a  side- 

walk area  unless  it  shall  be 
shown  to  the  satisfaction  of  the 
Fire  Commissioner  that  there 
are  physical  conditions  that 
make  it  impracticable  to  install 
it  elsewhere  ;  nor — 

b.  Inside  any  building;  that  is  more 

than  one  story  high,  or  tliat  has 
a  cellar  or  a  basement ; 

3.  Not   have   a  capacity  in  excess  of 

two  hundred  and  seventy-five  gal- 
lons; 


4.  He   made  ot    iron   or   steel    .'it    le.ist 

three-eighths  of  an  inch  in  tiiick- 
ness : 

5.  He  coated  on   the  outside  with  tar 

or  other  rust-resisting  material; 
b.   Have  all  joints  tightly  caulked; 

7.  He   tested    by   hydrostatic   pressure, 

one  iiunihed  lbs.  to  the  square 
inch  ; 

8.  Have    all    pipe    connections   at    tiie 

top  ; 

9.  Be  buried   at  least  two   feet   under 

ground,  and  in  addition  to  lieing 
two  feet  under  ground. 

(/.  Tanks  tiiat  are  to  be  filled  b\  a 
pipe  from  tile  street  siiall  be 
buried  at  least  two  feet  lower 
than  the  grade  of  the  street, 

/'.  Tanks  that  are  within  ten  feet 
of  any  buililinLr  shall — if  prac- 
ticable— be  buried  two  feet 
lower  than  the  le\el  of  the 
lowest  cellar  Hoor  in  any  such 
building; 

10.  Be  embedded   in   twelve  inclies  of 

Portland  Cement  concrete,  well 
tamped  in  place,  and — 
(7.  Should  there  be  more  than  one 
tank,  they  shall  be  separated  by 
at  least  twelve  inches  of  such 
concrete,  and — 
I'.  Should  a  tank  be  within  ten  feet 
of  a  buildint;  and  not  be  buried 
at  least  two  feet  lower  than  the 
level  of  the  lowest  cellar  floor 
of  '  such  building,  it  shall 
be  embedded  and  surrounded 
by  Portland  Cement  concrete 
twelve  inches  in  thickness  to 
top  of  tank ; 

]  I.  He  provided  with  a  filling  pipe,  a 
vent  pipe,  and  (if  not  more 
than  thirty  feet  from  all  build- 
ings) a  drawing-off  pipe; 

12.  Be  provided  with  an  approved 
pumii  or  with  an  approved 
pressure  apparatus  for  drawing 
off  contents ; 


114 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


13.  Not  to  be  placcil  so  that  the  top 
of  tank  sliall  be  below  the 
(IrawiiiK-off  point. 

Approved  December  28,   1905. 

Sec.  I,?.     \'i-xT  I'li'K. 

Tlie  vent  pipe  shall  be — 

1.  .Made      of      one-inch      or      larger 

wrought  iron  pipe,  with — 
/I.    Heavy  cast  iron  fittings, 
I).   Screw  joints  made  with  litharge 
and   glycerine  ; 

2.  Connected     with     top     of     storage 

tank; 

3.  Provided   with   a   screen   of   thirty 

mesh  brass  wire  at  or  near  the 
tank  connection  ; 

4.  Carried  up  to  the  outer  air,  be  well 

braced  in  position,  and — 

a.  Either    capped     with     a    double 

goose  neck  with  openings — 

( 1 )  At   least   ten    feet    higher 

than  the  roof  of  the  gar- 
age, 

(2)  More    than    twenty    feet 

from  all  windows  in 
higher  adjacent  build- 
ings, and — 
( 3  )  Covered  with  a  brass  wire 
screen  of  one-sixteenth- 
inch  mesh ; 

b.  Or  closed   by  a  shut-off  cock  so 

arranged  that  the  filling  pipe 
cannot  be  opened  witliout 
opening  the  vent,  and  the 
opening  to  the  shut-off  cock 
shall  be — 

( 1 )  Directly  over  storage  tank, 

(2)  More     than     thirty     feet 

from  all  buildings, 

(3)  Covered    by    a   screen    of 

thirty  mesh  brass  wire, 

(4)  Closeil    by    a    screw    cap 

when  not  in  use,  and — 

(5)  Enclosed  in  a  metal  box. 

with    a    cover    that    is 
flush  with  the  s\n'face  of 


the  ground  and   is  kept 
locked  when  not  in  use. 

Approved  December  28,   1905. 
Skc.   14.     Filling  Pipe. 

The  filling  pipe  shall  be — 

1.  Made      of     two-inch     or     larger 

wrought  iron  pipe,  with — 
II.   Heavy  cast  iron  fittings,  and — 
b.  Screw  joints  made  with  litharge 
and  glycerine ; 

2.  Provided    with    screens    of    tliirty 

mesh  brass  wire, 

(1.  One  at  or  near  the  tank  connec- 
tion, and — 

/>.  (  )ne  just  below  the  (illing  cock 
or  vahe  : 

3.  Closed    at   the    intake    by    a    filling 

cock  or  \;il\e,  the  opening  of 
which  shall  he  closed  by  a  screw 
cap  w  hen  not  in  use  ; 

4.  Connected  with  top   (or  with  \alve 

connecting  therewith)  and  extend 
down  to  the  bottom  of  storage 
tank ; 

5.  Laid  at  a  uniform  grade  so  that  it 

will  drain  empty  in  the  tank; 

6.  Carried  up  and  terminate  with  the 

intake   and    filling  cock   or  valve 
in — 
II.  The  pump  house,  or — 
//.  A  metal  box  with  a  cover  that  is 
flush   with    the  surface  of  the 
ground,    is    kept    locked    \\hen 
not  in   use,  and   is  more   than 
thirty  feet  from  all  buildings; 
or — 

7.  Carried  up  and  out  of  the  building 

and  terminate  in  a  covered  box  of 
heavy  iron  sunken  at  the  curb 
Hush  with  the  sidew.alk,  kept 
lockeil  when  not  m  use,  and  in 
this  case  the  shut-off  \alve  sliall 
be  provided  with  a  coupling  for 
attaching  the  hose  of  a  barrel- 
wagon,  and  shall  only  be  used 
for  receiving  volatile  intfamma- 
ble  liquid  from  barrel-wagons. 
Apiuoved   December  28,   1905. 


G.lNACIiS   AND    MOTOR    BO.  If    HOUSES 


Sec.    is.     I'umps. 

Piinips    for    tli-livcrin;;    Nolatilc    in- 
Haiiiniablf  liquid  sliall — 

1.  It  within  thirty  feet  of  any  biiihl- 

ing,  be  locati'd  in  a  fireproof 
pump  house ; 

2.  Have  a  shut-off  vaho,  \\  ith  izrounil 

key,  on   the   nozzle ; 
J,.    Have  a  check  valve  between  pump 
ami   nozzle; 

4.  Ila\e  screw  stuffing  ho\  for  pump 

roil  ; 

5.  Have  stuffinjj  box    for   pump   rod 

higher  than  outlet  of  pump. 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Si;c.   16.     Pump  Holshs  Shall  Not 
Be    Plackd    in    Certain 
Locations. 
No  pump   house  containing  an  in- 
take, or  filling  cock,  or  valve  for  stor- 
age tanks,  shall  be  placed  — 

1.  In  a  building  more  than  one  story 

high  ; 

2.  In  a  building  that  has  a  cellar  or 

basement ; 

3.  In   the  cellar  or  basement  of  any 

building; 

4.  In  an  area  between  a  building  anil 

a  sidewalk  ; 

5.  Under  a  sidewalk  :  or — 

6.  Within  the  stoop  line. 
Approved  August  2,  1 906. 

Sec.  17.     Pump  House. 

The  pump  house  shall  have  — 

1.  No  greater  capacitv  than  required 

for— 
II.   Handling  the  volatile  inflamma- 
ble liquid,  and — 
b.  Storing  the  safety  cans; 

2.  A  cement   floor,   and   in  case  said 

pump  house  contains  an  intake  or 
filling  cock,  or  valve  for  storage 
tanks,  said  floor  must  be  at  least 
six  inches  lower  than  the  door 
sill,  but  not  more  than  twelve 
inches  below  the  grade  of  the 
ground  where  located ; 

3.  Hcavv  galva!iized  iron  drip  pans — 


(I.  (  )ne  to  be  kept  under  nozzle  of 
pump,  ami — 

/'.  If  the  pumji  house  contains  an 
intake  or  filling  cock  or  \al\e 
for  storage  tanks,  one  to  cover 
entire  floor  of  pump  house. 

4.  If    within    thirty    feet    of   a    build- 

ing— 
11.   lirick  walls  at  least  twelve  inches 

thick, 
//.  A  brick  roof  at  least  eight  inches 

thick    covered    with    Portland 

Cement  mortar,  and — 
f.  Either — 

(  I  )    An   approxed   brick   \enti- 
lating  flue,  or — 

(2)    An    approved    galvani/eil 
iron  ventilating  pipe, 
(!.   No   openings   through   the  walls 

or     roof,     except     a     doorwa\' 

closed     by     an     approved     fire 

door,  but — 

5.  If    not    within    thirty    feet   of    any 

biu'lding,  a  pimip  house  may  be — 

ti.   Huilt  of  metal, 

//.  \  entilated  by  four  metal  louvred 
openings  twelve  b>'  twelve 
inches,  two  at  the  floor  and 
two  at  the  roof,  on  opposite 
sides  of  the  building. 

Apprmeil  August  2,   1906. 

Sec.   18.     Brick  \'i;nti eating  Flues. 
A    brick    ventilating    flue    shall    be 
used  where  the  pump  house  is  located 
inside  another  building  and  shall — - 

1.  Be   biu'lt   in    the   wall   opposite  the 

door ; 

2.  Be  lined   with   tile  pipe,   eight   by 

eight  inches   inside  measure; 

3.  Extend    from    the    floor   up  to  and 

through  the  roof  of  the  pump 
house  to  at  least  four  feet  higher 
than  the  roof  of  the  garage; 

4.  Be  capped   with    an   eight-inch   or 

larger,  eighteen  gauge  galvanized 
iron  double  goose  neck,  with 
openings  remote  at  least  ten  feet 


116 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


fruni  windows  of  liighcr  adjacent 
buildings; 

5.  Have  an  opening — 

(I.  At  tlie  Hoor,  six  by  eight  inches, 

b.  At  the  ceiling,  at  least  four  by 

six  inches, 

c.  At  each  end  of  the  double  goose 

neck  the  full  size  of  the  pipe; 
and — 

6.  Have    all    openings    protected    by 

wire    brass    screens    not    coarser 

than  one-eighth  mesh. 
Approved  December  28,   1905. 
Sec.  19.     Vextil.'\tixg  Pipe. 
A  ventilating  pipe  shall — 

1.  Be  made  of  galvanized  iron  of  not 

less  than  eighteen  gauge : 

2.  Be  not  less  than  eight  inches  in  di- 

ameter ; 

3.  Extend  from  three  inches  above  the 

floor  up  to  and  through  the  roof 
of  pump  house  to  four  feet  higher 
than  roof  of  garage ; 

4.  Be    capped    by    an    eight-inch    or 

larger,  eighteen  gauge  galvanized 
iron  double  goose  neck  with  open- 
ings remote  at  least  ten  feet  from 
windows  of  higher  adjacent 
buildings ; 

5.  Have  an  opening — 

a.  Three  inches  above  the  floor,  the 

full  size  of  pipe, 

b.  At  the  ceiling,  at  least  four  by 

six  inches, 

c.  At  each  end  of  the  double  goose 

neck,    the    full    size    of    pipe ; 
and — 

6.  Have    all    openings    protected    by 

wire    brass    screens    not    coarser 
than  one-eighth  inch  mesh. 
Approved  December  28,   1905. 

Sec.  20.     Pressure  System. 

Pressure  systems  for  delivering  vol- 
atile inflammable  liquid  from  storage 
tanks  shall — 

I.  Be  so   arranged    that   the   gasoline 
will     return    through    pipes    by 


gravity  to  the  storage  tank  when 
system  is  drained  ; 
2.  Be  connected,  in  a  manner  that  will 
prevent  the  spilling  of  the  vola- 
tile inflammable  liquid,  to  a 
drawing-off  cock  or  cocks  situ- 
ate— 

(1.  At    a    permanent    filling    station, 
or — 

b.   In  a  pump  house. 

Approved  December  28,  1905. 

)EC.  21.     Filling  Statiox. 

Filling  stations  shall  be  located  at 
least  twenty  feet  distant  from  the  en- 
trance to  the  garage,  shall  have  a  tight, 
unpierced  cement  or  other  approved 
fireproof  floor,  graded  to  a  centre,  and 
unconnected  w-ith  the  sewer  or  drain- 
age system  of  the  building.  The  floor 
shall  be  kept  free  from  volatile  inflam- 
mable liquid  by  sponging  or  swabbing. 
The  room  shall  be  kept  free  of  inflam- 
mable vapors,  either  by  natural  or  by 
forced  ventilation. 

Approved  July  20,    1906. 
!ec.  22.     FiRE^  Lights,  etc. 

No  stove,  forge,  torch,  boiler  or 
other  furnace,  flame,  fire,  or  fire  heat, 
no  electric  dynamo,  motor,  hoist,  or 
other  exterior  sparking  electric  appli- 
ance, and  no  artificial  light  (except 
the  incandescent  electric  light)  shall 
be  used  or  allowed — 

1 .  In  a  garage,  or — 

2.  In  any  portion  of  the  building  on 

or  below  the  topmost  floor  of  the 
garage  that  is  not — 
(t.  Provided  with  an  entrance  on  the 
outside  of  the  building,  and — 
b.  Separated    from    the    garage    by 
unpierced,    approved    fire-walls 
and   floors. 
Pro\idcd,   however,   that   upon   ap- 
plication  being  made  the   Fire   Com- 
missioner may,  in  his  discretion,  mod- 
ify the  provisions  of  the  section  rela- 
tive   to    electric    motors    and    electric 


117 


GARAGES    .IXn    MOTOR    BOAT    HOUSES 


switches  in  any  tircpioof  building  al- 
ready erected  or  that  may  be  iiereafter 
erected. 

Approved  July  2,   1907. 

Sec.  23.     Fire  and  Lights  on  Alto- 

MOBILES. 

All  tire  and  lights  on  an  automo- 
bile, or  under  the  boiler  of  an  automo- 
bile shall  be  extinguished  before  bring- 
ing the  same  into  a  garage,  and  shall 
not  be  lit  while  the  same  is  in  the  gar- 
age. 

Approved  December  28,  1905. 

Sec.  24.     Movable  Electric  Lights 
Axi)  Switches. 
^lovable  incandescent  electric  lights 
in  a  garage  shall  be  fitted  with  keyless 
sockets ;  all  electric  switches  and  plugs 
shall  be  permanently  located  at  least 
four  feet  above  the  floor. 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  25.     Smokixg  Prohibited. 

Smoking  is  absolutely  prohibited  by 
the   Fire   Commissioner   in   any   room 
or  place  in  which  a  volatile  inflamma- 
ble liquid  is  kept,  or  in  any  room  or 
hall  opening  into  such  room  or  place. 
A  notice  in   large  letters  "xo  smok- 
ing" shall  be  displayed  in  a  conspicu- 
ous place  and  manner  on  all  floors  and 
at  all  entrances  to  the  garage,  and  in 
all  rooms  and   halls  opening  into  the 
room  or  place  in  which  a  volatile  in- 
flammable liquid  is  kept  or  in  which 
an  automobile  carrying  a  volatile  in- 
flammable liquid  is  kept. 
Approved  July  20,   1906. 
Sec.  26.     Haxdlixg     and     Use     of 
Vol.atile    Inflammable 
Liquids. 
No  volatile  inflammable  liquid  shall 
be— 

1.  Used   in  a  garage  for  cleaning  or 

for  any  other  purpose  whatso- 
ever other  than  filling  the  tanks 
of  automobiles; 

2.  Allowed  to  run  upon  the  floor  or 


U'l  fall  or  pass  into  the  drainage 
system  of  the  garage ; 

3.  Put  into  or  removed  from  the  tank 

of  an  automobile  while  any  light 
or  fire  on  the  same  is  burning; 

4.  Carried  or  kept  in  open  vessels. 

5.  All    volatile    inflammable    liquids 

and   oils   recovered   from  the   oil 
traps,  or  by  swabbing  or  spong- 
ing   up    spilled    liquid    shall    be 
placed  in  an  approved  safety  can 
of  not  over  five  gallons  capacity. 
And   all   quantities   in   excess   of 
five  gallons  shall  be  returned  to 
the  underground  storage  tank  or 
removed  from  the  premises  forth- 
with. 
Approved  July  20,   1906. 
Sec.  27.     Sand  Shall   Be   Kept  ox 
the  Premises. 
Sand  shall  be  kept — 

1.  In  approved  fire  buckets,  for  fire- 

extinguishing  purposes  only; 

2.  In   convenient  receptacles,   for  use 

in  absorbing  waste  oil  on  floors ; 

3.  In   bed  or  metal  drip   pans  under 

each    automobile    kept    on    floors 
that  are  not  fireproof. 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  28.     Waste  Cans. 

Self-closing  metal  cans  set  firmly  on 
four   inch    legs  shall   be   kept   on   all 
floors  for  the  purpose  of  holding  all 
inflammable  waste  material. 
Approved  December  28,  1905. 
Sec.  29.     Calcium  Carbide. 

Calcium  carbide  shall  be  in  air- 
tight metal  packages,  which  packages 
shall  be  kept  at  least  six  inches  above 
the  floor  in  a  water-tight  container 
provided  with  a  securely  fastened 
cover. 

Approved  December  28,  1905- 
Sec.  30.     Weekly   Reports    of    De- 
liveries OF  Volatile  In- 
flammable   Liquid    Re- 
quired. 
Everv  licensed  vendor  of  volatile  In- 


118 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


flammable  by-pruilucts  of  pi'troltum 
shall  render  to  the  Fire  Commissioner 
each  week  a  statement,  verified  as  to  its 
correctness  by  an  affidavit,  covering 
deliveries  for  the  week  to  points  with- 
in the  city.  The  report  shall  include 
all  deliveries  of  such  liquid  in  quanti- 
ties of  five  gallons  or  more ;  and  shall 
be  in  detail  as  follows: 
(rt)    Date  of  delivery ; 

(b)  Name  of  buyer; 

(c)  Point  of  delivery; 

(ti)  Number  of  gallons,  name,  and 
graxity  of  liquid. 

Such  statement  shall  be  on  form 
provided  by  the  Fire  Commissioner, 
and  must  be  delivered  by  mail  or  mes- 
senger not  later  than  the  second  busi- 
ness day  in  each  week. 

Approved   December  28,   1905. 


Si;c.  31. 

It  is  hereby  provided  that  the  Fire 
Commissioner,  in  his  discretion,  may 
excuse  any  garage  now  constructed 
from  a  literal  compliance  with  these 
rules. 

Approved  July  27,   igo6. 
Sec.  32. 

For  private  garages,  where  no  in- 
flammable liquid  is  kept  other  than 
in  the  tanks  of  automobiles,  and  where 
the  fuel  tanks  of  the  automobiles  are 
neither  opened,  emptied  nor  filled  on 
the  premises,  the  Fire  Commissioner 
may,  in  his  discretion,  issue  permits 
limited  to  such  keeping  of  automobiles, 
subject  to  such  reciuirements  as  he 
may  deem  fit. 

Approved   February  7,    1907. 


G.\R.'\GE  FOR   MR.   ALEXANDER   PANT.\GES,    SE.ATTLE,  WASH. 

Wilson   &  Loveless,  Arcliitects 


119 


GARAGES   AND    MOTOR    BOAT   HOUSES 


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made  tor  private  and  public 
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NORWOOD'S  3-in-l 


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Pat.  June  25th,  1907    Oct.  25th.  1910 

Don't  lift  or  drag  your  cars  around  :  use  a  NORWOOD  Cast-:T.  Handlt^  c.ir-.  with  or  witli.mt 
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UNIV.  OF  CALIF.  LIBRARY,  LOS  ANGELtb 


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